CHAPTER II - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
These almond-shaped organs are responsible for producing eggs (ova) and secreting hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Ovaries
A mature follicle that releases an egg during ovulation.
Graafian follicle
The structure that forms after ovulation and produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy.
Corpus luteum
The condition characterized by multiple immature follicles in the ovaries, leading to hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, and infertility.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
The paired structures that transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, measuring about 10 cm in length.
Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes)
Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help guide the egg into the tube after ovulation.
Fimbriae
The widest section of the fallopian tube, where fertilization typically occurs.
Ampulla
A medical emergency where a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, often in the fallopian tube.
Ectopic pregnancy
A surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy by cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes.
Tubal ligation
A pear-shaped organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy.
Uterus
The upper portion of the uterus, where the fallopian tubes connect.
Fundus
The thick layer of tissue that lines the uterus and sheds during menstruation if no pregnancy occurs.
Endometrium
A condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus, causing pain and infertility.
Endometriosis
Benign tumors in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain.
Uterine fibroids
A type of cancer that can be detected early through Pap smears.
Cervical cancer
The muscular canal extending from the cervix to the external genitalia, serving as the birth canal.
Vagina
Inflammation of the vaginal lining, often caused by infections like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis.
Vaginitis
A condition where the vaginal walls weaken, causing the bladder, uterus, or rectum to drop into the vaginal canal.
Pelvic organ prolapse
Specialized organs located in the breasts that produce milk for newborns.
Mammary glands
A network of ducts that transport milk from the mammary glands to the nipple.
Lactiferous ducts
One of the most common cancers in women, detected through self-examination and mammograms.
Breast cancer
A hormone that helps regulate menstrual cycles and is often used in birth control to manage conditions like PCOS.
Estrogen
A phase in the menstrual cycle where the egg matures, and the uterine lining starts to thicken.
Follicular phase
The phase in the menstrual cycle when the egg is released from the ovary.
Ovulation
The timeframe in which sperm can survive inside the female body, making pregnancy possible.
Up to 5 days
True or False: The hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.
True or False: A woman can get pregnant while on her period.
t
True or False: Using two types of birth control together is dangerous.
True or False: Women experience higher rates of osteoporosis after menopause.
t
True or False: Menstrual cramps are normal and cannot be treated.
A 28-year-old woman visits the doctor due to irregular menstrual cycles and excessive hair growth. Tests reveal high androgen levels and multiple immature follicles in her ovaries. What condition might she have?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A pregnant woman is experiencing severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. An ultrasound shows that the fertilized egg has implanted in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus. What is this condition called?
Ectopic pregnancy
A 45-year-old woman has been experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. An ultrasound reveals the presence of benign tumors in her uterus. What is the likely diagnosis?
Uterine fibroids
A young girl’s menstrual cycles range between 22 and 36 days, sometimes varying each month. Is this normal? What is the typical range of menstrual cycle length?
21-35 days
A couple is trying to conceive. The woman wants to know the best time to engage in sexual intercourse to maximize the chances of pregnancy. What phase of the menstrual cycle should they focus on?
Fertile window
A 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Her doctor explains that it was detected early through a routine screening test. What is this test called?
Pap smear
A woman gives birth and struggles with breastfeeding due to a low milk supply. Which anatomical structures are responsible for producing and transporting milk to the nipple?
Mammary glands, Lactiferous ducts
A postmenopausal woman is at a higher risk of osteoporosis due to the decline in a certain hormone that helps maintain bone density. What hormone is this?
Estrogen
A teenage girl has been experiencing severe menstrual cramps that interfere with her daily activities. What condition might she be suffering from?
Dysmenorrhea
A woman undergoes a surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy by cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes. What is this procedure called?
Tubal ligation
A newborn baby begins suckling at the mother’s breast, stimulating the release of milk. What hormone plays a major role in milk production?
Prolactin
A woman is considering different forms of contraception. She wants a method that regulates her menstrual cycle, reduces acne, and prevents pregnancy. What type of contraception might she consider?
Hormonal birth control
A patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is prescribed a medication to help regulate insulin levels and improve ovulation. What medication might this be?
Metformin
A woman experiencing acne, excessive hair growth, and irregular periods is prescribed an anti-androgen medication to block the effects of male hormones. What medication might she be given?
Spironolactone
A 16-year-old girl believes that douching is necessary to maintain vaginal cleanliness. However, her doctor explains that the vagina is self-cleaning and douching can lead to infections. What characteristic of the vagina helps maintain its health?
Vaginal pH
A patient is diagnosed with a condition in which the uterus lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility. What is this condition called?
Endometriosis
A 50-year-old woman has not had a period for over a year and is experiencing hot flashes and mood swings. What stage of reproductive life is she in?
Menopause
A woman experiences an increase in cervical mucus, a slight rise in body temperature, and a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH). What process is occurring in her body?
Ovulation
A doctor advises a sexually active woman to get a vaccine that helps prevent a virus known to cause cervical cancer. What vaccine is being recommended?
HPV vaccination
A nurse educates a pregnant woman about the importance of a strong and flexible muscular organ that will expand during pregnancy to support fetal growth. What organ is being described?
Uterus
