CHAPTER I - MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the scrotum?
A
It protects the testes and regulates their temperature.
2
Q
What muscles help regulate testicular temperature?
A
Dartos muscle (wrinkles skin to conserve heat) and Cremaster muscle (moves testes up/down).
3
Q
Why must the testes be cooler than body temperature?
A
Sperm production (spermatogenesis) requires a temperature around 34–35°C.
4
Q
What are common clinical issues related to the scrotum?
A
Hydrocele (fluid accumulation) and testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord).
5
Q
What are the main functions of the testes?
A
Spermatogenesis (sperm production) and testosterone secretion.
6
Q
What are seminiferous tubules?
A
Coiled structures in the testes where sperm production occurs.
7
Q
What are Sertoli and Leydig cells?
A
Sertoli cells nourish sperm; Leydig cells produce testosterone.
8
Q
What conditions affect the testes?
A
Testicular cancer (tumor formation) and hypogonadism (low testosterone levels).
9
Q
What is the function of the epididymis?
A
It stores and matures sperm, making them motile.
10
Q
What does the vas deferens do?
A
Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
11
Q
What surgical procedure affects the vas deferens?
A
Vasectomy, a male sterilization procedure.
12
Q
What is the urethra’s role in the male reproductive system?
A
It carries both semen and urine, with an internal sphincter preventing mixing.
13
Q
What are the accessory sex glands?
A
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands).
14
Q
What is the function of seminal vesicles?
A
They produce a fructose-rich fluid that provides energy for sperm.
15
Q
What is the function of the prostate gland?
A
It secretes a milky fluid to neutralize vaginal acidity.
16
Q
What is the function of bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?
A
They secrete pre-ejaculate to lubricate the urethra.
17
Q
What common conditions affect the prostate?
A
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (enlargement) and Prostatitis (inflammation).
18
Q
What is semen composed of?
A
Spermatozoa (from testes) and seminal fluid (from accessory glands).
19
Q
What is semen analysis used for?
A
To assess male fertility by checking sperm count, motility, and morphology.
20
Q
What is retrograde ejaculation?
A
A condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis.
21
Q
What are the main parts of the penis?
A
Shaft, glans penis (head), and urethra.
22
Q
What is the role of corpora cavernosa?
A
These two erectile tissues fill with blood to cause an erection.
23
Q
What is the corpus spongiosum?
A
A tissue that surrounds the urethra and keeps it open during an erection.
24
Q
What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?
A
The inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
25
What conditions can cause ED?
Diabetes, hypertension, psychological stress, and smoking.
26
Do men continue producing sperm throughout life?
True – Unlike women, men produce sperm continuously.
27
Does foot size indicate penis size?
False – There is no scientific correlation.
28
Can tight underwear lower sperm count?
True – It increases testicular temperature, affecting sperm production.
29
Does frequent ejaculation permanently reduce sperm count?
False – Sperm production is continuous.
30
Can using two condoms provide double protection?
False – It increases friction, making them more likely to break.
31
Does excessive cycling cause erectile dysfunction?
True – Prolonged pressure on the perineum can reduce blood flow and nerve function.
32
Can pre-ejaculate (pre-cum) cause pregnancy?
True – It may contain sperm from previous ejaculations.
33
What is the main function of the male reproductive system?
To produce, mature, and deliver sperm for reproduction.
34
What is spermatogenesis?
The process of sperm production occurring in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
35
Why do men need testosterone?
It is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics, sperm production, and libido.
36
What is the function of the spermatic cord?
It contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens, supporting the testes.
37
What is testicular descent, and why is it important?
It is the movement of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum, necessary for normal sperm production.
38
What is cryptorchidism?
A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
39
What are the three main ducts of the male reproductive system?
Epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra.
40
How does sperm move through the reproductive system?
Sperm starts in the seminiferous tubules, matures in the epididymis, travels through the vas deferens, mixes with fluids from accessory glands, and exits via the urethra.
41
What is the function of seminal fluid?
It provides nutrients, protection, and a medium for sperm motility.
42
What role does fructose play in semen?
It provides energy for sperm movement, secreted by the seminal vesicles.
43
Why does the prostate secrete an alkaline fluid?
To neutralize vaginal acidity, increasing sperm survival.
44
What are the three main components of semen?
Sperm, seminal fluid, and enzymes that help sperm function.
45
What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?
They secrete pre-ejaculate, which lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidic urine.
46
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
It connects the vas deferens to the urethra, allowing sperm and seminal fluid to mix before ejaculation.
47
What is the function of the external urethral orifice?
It is the opening at the tip of the penis through which urine and semen exit.
48
Why does the bladder's internal sphincter contract during ejaculation?
To prevent semen from entering the bladder (preventing retrograde ejaculation).
49
How long does it take sperm to fully mature?
Approximately 64–72 days.
50
What is the lifespan of sperm inside a woman’s reproductive tract?
3–5 days under optimal conditions.
51
How much semen is typically released per ejaculation?
About 2–5 mL, containing 15–200 million sperm per mL.
52
What is azoospermia?
A condition where semen contains no sperm, leading to infertility.
53
What is oligospermia?
A condition where sperm count is abnormally low, which may reduce fertility.
54
What is asthenospermia?
A condition where sperm motility is poor, reducing the ability to reach the egg.
55
What is teratospermia?
A condition where sperm have abnormal morphology, affecting fertilization ability.
56
What is a varicocele?
Enlarged veins in the spermatic cord, which may cause infertility.
57
What is epididymitis?
An infection or inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by STIs or urinary tract infections.
58
What is the function of the corpora cavernosa?
These two erectile tissues fill with blood to enable erection.
59
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
It surrounds the urethra and prevents it from collapsing during an erection.
60
What causes an erection?
Increased blood flow to the corpora cavernosa due to sexual arousal.
61
What is the average length of an erection?
It varies but typically lasts from a few minutes to 30 minutes, depending on stimulation and health factors.
62
What is the refractory period?
The time after ejaculation before another erection can occur, varying based on age and health.
63
How do anabolic steroids affect male fertility?
They disrupt natural testosterone production, causing testicular shrinkage and infertility.
64
What is priapism?
A prolonged and painful erection lasting more than 4 hours, requiring emergency treatment.
65
What is phimosis?
A condition where the foreskin is too tight to retract over the glans penis.
66
What is paraphimosis?
A condition where the foreskin gets stuck behind the glans, cutting off blood flow.
67
What is circumcision?
The surgical removal of the foreskin, often for religious, cultural, or medical reasons.
68
What is balanitis?
Inflammation of the glans penis, often caused by poor hygiene, infections, or allergies.
69
What is Peyronie’s disease?
A condition where scar tissue causes the penis to curve abnormally, possibly leading to pain and erectile dysfunction.
70
How can prostate cancer affect male fertility?
Surgery or radiation therapy can damage reproductive structures, leading to infertility.
71
What is TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)?
A surgical procedure to remove excess prostate tissue in cases of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia).
72
What is nocturnal emission?
Also known as a "wet dream," it is the involuntary ejaculation of semen during sleep.
73
What is vasectomy reversal?
A surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens, restoring fertility after vasectomy.
74
What is prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?
A protein measured in blood tests to screen for prostate cancer.
75
What are the early symptoms of prostate cancer?
Frequent urination, difficulty urinating, weak urine flow, and blood in urine or semen.
76
What lifestyle changes help prevent erectile dysfunction?
Regular exercise, healthy diet, reducing stress, quitting smoking, and avoiding excessive alcohol.
77
What are phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
Medications like Viagra and Cialis that help treat erectile dysfunction.
78
How does diabetes contribute to erectile dysfunction?
It damages blood vessels and nerves, reducing blood flow to the penis.
79
What is the relationship between cardiovascular health and erections?
Poor heart health can cause reduced blood flow, leading to erectile dysfunction.
80
How does smoking affect male reproductive health?
It reduces sperm count, sperm motility, and erectile function.
81
What is sperm banking?
Freezing and storing sperm for future use, often for men undergoing medical treatments affecting fertility.
82
How does obesity affect male fertility?
It lowers testosterone levels, increases estrogen, and reduces sperm quality.
83
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A genetic disorder where men have an extra X chromosome (XXY), leading to infertility and low testosterone.
84
What is testicular self-examination (TSE)?
A method for men to check for lumps or changes that may indicate testicular cancer.
85
When should a man start doing testicular self-exams?
From teenage years onward, ideally once a month.
86
A man complains of pain and swelling in his scrotum after unprotected sex. He also has a fever. What is the likely diagnosis? A) Testicular torsion B) Epididymitis C) Hydrocele D) Varicocele
B) Epididymitis
87
A 50-year-old man has difficulty urinating and a weak urine stream. What condition is most likely? A) Prostate cancer B) Prostatitis C) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) D) Urethral stricture
C) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
88
A teenager finds a painless lump on his testicle. What should he do? A) Ignore it B) Wait and see if it goes away C) Perform home treatment D) See a doctor immediately
D) See a doctor immediately
89
A couple is struggling to conceive, and the husband had mumps as a child. What test should he undergo? A) Prostate exam B) Sperm analysis C) Testicular ultrasound D) Hormone test
B) Sperm analysis
90
A cyclist experiences numbness in his groin after long rides. What should he do? A) Switch to a padded seat B) Continue cycling normally C) Ignore the numbness D) Take painkillers
A) Switch to a padded seat
91
A man has a painful, prolonged erection lasting more than 4 hours. What should he do? A) Wait for it to go away B) Apply ice packs C) Seek emergency medical care D) Take aspirin
C) Seek emergency medical care
92
A bodybuilder using anabolic steroids notices shrunken testicles. Why? A) Increased sperm production B) Hormonal imbalance C) Improved testosterone levels D) Genetic condition
B) Hormonal imbalance
93
A man’s urine is cloudy after sex, with discomfort when urinating. What could this indicate? A) Bladder infection B) Prostatitis C) Kidney stones D) Retrograde ejaculation
B) Prostatitis
94
A patient experiences erectile dysfunction after starting blood pressure medication. What should he do? A) Stop taking the medication B) Consult a doctor for alternatives C) Take a double dose D) Ignore it
B) Consult a doctor for alternatives
95
A patient with low sperm motility asks for lifestyle changes. What should be advised? A) Avoid heat and tight underwear B) Increase alcohol intake C) Reduce physical activity D) Consume high-fat foods
A) Avoid heat and tight underwear
96
A man undergoes a vasectomy but wants children later. What is an option? A) Vasectomy reversal B) Testosterone supplements C) Prostate surgery D) Erectile dysfunction treatment
A) Vasectomy reversal
97
A 45-year-old man notices blood in his semen. What should he do? A) Ignore it B) Reduce sexual activity C) Seek medical evaluation D) Drink more water
C) Seek medical evaluation
98
A patient asks if using two condoms provides extra protection. What is the correct response? A) Yes, it doubles protection B) No, it increases the risk of breakage C) Only if lubricated D) Only with different brands
B) No, it increases the risk of breakage
99
A man experiences difficulty maintaining an erection after heavy alcohol consumption. Why? A) Alcohol increases testosterone B) Alcohol decreases blood flow C) Alcohol improves nerve function D) Alcohol boosts libido
B) Alcohol decreases blood flow
100
A patient is embarrassed about erectile dysfunction. How should a nurse approach this? A) Ignore the concern B) Reassure that ED is common and discuss treatment C) Suggest lifestyle changes only D) Tell him to accept it
B) Reassure that ED is common and discuss treatment
101
A teenager asks why his testicles sometimes move closer to his body. What is the reason? A) Temperature regulation B) Random movement C) Sperm storage D) Hormonal surge
A) Temperature regulation
102
A man worries that masturbation will permanently reduce his sperm count. What is the truth? A) Masturbation permanently lowers sperm count B) Masturbation has no long-term effect on fertility C) Masturbation causes infertility D) Masturbation damages the prostate
B) Masturbation has no long-term effect on fertility
103
A man who smokes heavily wants to conceive. What is the concern? A) Smoking has no effect on fertility B) Smoking reduces sperm count and motility C) Smoking improves sperm function D) Smoking increases testosterone
B) Smoking reduces sperm count and motility
104
A man with diabetes has erectile dysfunction. What is the likely cause? A) Nerve and blood vessel damage B) Increased sperm production C) Enhanced testosterone D) Enlarged prostate
A) Nerve and blood vessel damage
105
What is the function of the scrotum?
It protects the testes and regulates their temperature.
106
What muscles help regulate testicular temperature?
Dartos muscle (wrinkles skin to conserve heat) and Cremaster muscle (moves testes up/down).
107
Why must the testes be cooler than body temperature?
Sperm production (spermatogenesis) requires a temperature around 34–35°C.
108
What are common clinical issues related to the scrotum?
Hydrocele (fluid accumulation) and testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord).
109
What are the main functions of the testes?
Spermatogenesis (sperm production) and testosterone secretion.
110
What are seminiferous tubules?
Coiled structures in the testes where sperm production occurs.
111
What are Sertoli and Leydig cells?
Sertoli cells nourish sperm; Leydig cells produce testosterone.
112
What conditions affect the testes?
Testicular cancer (tumor formation) and hypogonadism (low testosterone levels).
113
What is the function of the epididymis?
It stores and matures sperm, making them motile.
114
What does the vas deferens do?
Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
115
What surgical procedure affects the vas deferens?
Vasectomy, a male sterilization procedure.
116
What is the urethra's role in the male reproductive system?
It carries both semen and urine, with an internal sphincter preventing mixing.
117
What are the accessory sex glands?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands).
118
What is the function of seminal vesicles?
They produce a fructose-rich fluid that provides energy for sperm.
119
What is the function of the prostate gland?
It secretes a milky fluid to neutralize vaginal acidity.
120
What is the function of bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?
They secrete pre-ejaculate to lubricate the urethra.
121
What common conditions affect the prostate?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (enlargement) and Prostatitis (inflammation).
122
What is semen composed of?
Spermatozoa (from testes) and seminal fluid (from accessory glands).
123
What is semen analysis used for?
To assess male fertility by checking sperm count, motility, and morphology.
124
What is retrograde ejaculation?
A condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis.
125
What are the main parts of the penis?
Shaft, glans penis (head), and urethra.
126
What is the role of corpora cavernosa?
These two erectile tissues fill with blood to cause an erection.
127
What is the corpus spongiosum?
A tissue that surrounds the urethra and keeps it open during an erection.
128
What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?
The inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
129
What conditions can cause ED?
Diabetes, hypertension, psychological stress, and smoking.
130
Do men continue producing sperm throughout life?
True – Unlike women, men produce sperm continuously.
131
Does foot size indicate penis size?
False – There is no scientific correlation.
132
Can tight underwear lower sperm count?
True – It increases testicular temperature, affecting sperm production.
133
Does frequent ejaculation permanently reduce sperm count?
False – Sperm production is continuous.
134
Can using two condoms provide double protection?
False – It increases friction, making them more likely to break.
135
Does excessive cycling cause erectile dysfunction?
True – Prolonged pressure on the perineum can reduce blood flow and nerve function.
136
Can pre-ejaculate (pre-cum) cause pregnancy?
True – It may contain sperm from previous ejaculations.
137
What is the main function of the male reproductive system?
To produce, mature, and deliver sperm for reproduction.
138
What is spermatogenesis?
The process of sperm production occurring in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
139
Why do men need testosterone?
It is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics, sperm production, and libido.
140
What is the function of the spermatic cord?
It contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens, supporting the testes.
141
What is testicular descent, and why is it important?
It is the movement of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum, necessary for normal sperm production.
142
What is cryptorchidism?
A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
143
What are the three main ducts of the male reproductive system?
Epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra.
144
How does sperm move through the reproductive system?
Sperm starts in the seminiferous tubules, matures in the epididymis, travels through the vas deferens, mixes with fluids from accessory glands, and exits via the urethra.
145
What is the function of seminal fluid?
It provides nutrients, protection, and a medium for sperm motility.
146
What role does fructose play in semen?
It provides energy for sperm movement, secreted by the seminal vesicles.
147
Why does the prostate secrete an alkaline fluid?
To neutralize vaginal acidity, increasing sperm survival.
148
What are the three main components of semen?
Sperm, seminal fluid, and enzymes that help sperm function.
149
What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?
They secrete pre-ejaculate, which lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidic urine.
150
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
It connects the vas deferens to the urethra, allowing sperm and seminal fluid to mix before ejaculation.
151
What is the function of the external urethral orifice?
It is the opening at the tip of the penis through which urine and semen exit.
152
Why does the bladder's internal sphincter contract during ejaculation?
To prevent semen from entering the bladder (preventing retrograde ejaculation).
153
How long does it take sperm to fully mature?
Approximately 64–72 days.
154
What is the lifespan of sperm inside a woman’s reproductive tract?
3–5 days under optimal conditions.
155
How much semen is typically released per ejaculation?
About 2–5 mL, containing 15–200 million sperm per mL.
156
What is azoospermia?
A condition where semen contains no sperm, leading to infertility.
157
What is oligospermia?
A condition where sperm count is abnormally low, which may reduce fertility.
158
What is asthenospermia?
A condition where sperm motility is poor, reducing the ability to reach the egg.
159
What is teratospermia?
A condition where sperm have abnormal morphology, affecting fertilization ability.
160
What is a varicocele?
Enlarged veins in the spermatic cord, which may cause infertility.
161
What is epididymitis?
An infection or inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by STIs or urinary tract infections.
162
What is the function of the corpora cavernosa?
These two erectile tissues fill with blood to enable erection.
163
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
It surrounds the urethra and prevents it from collapsing during an erection.
164
What causes an erection?
Increased blood flow to the corpora cavernosa due to sexual arousal.
165
What is the average length of an erection?
It varies but typically lasts from a few minutes to 30 minutes, depending on stimulation and health factors.
166
What is the refractory period?
The time after ejaculation before another erection can occur, varying based on age and health.
167
How do anabolic steroids affect male fertility?
They disrupt natural testosterone production, causing testicular shrinkage and infertility.
168
What is priapism?
A prolonged and painful erection lasting more than 4 hours, requiring emergency treatment.
169
What is phimosis?
A condition where the foreskin is too tight to retract over the glans penis.
170
What is paraphimosis?
A condition where the foreskin gets stuck behind the glans, cutting off blood flow.
171
What is circumcision?
The surgical removal of the foreskin, often for religious, cultural, or medical reasons.
172
What is balanitis?
Inflammation of the glans penis, often caused by poor hygiene, infections, or allergies.
173
What is Peyronie’s disease?
A condition where scar tissue causes the penis to curve abnormally, possibly leading to pain and erectile dysfunction.
174
How can prostate cancer affect male fertility?
Surgery or radiation therapy can damage reproductive structures, leading to infertility.
175
What is TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)?
A surgical procedure to remove excess prostate tissue in cases of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia).
176
What is nocturnal emission?
Also known as a "wet dream," it is the involuntary ejaculation of semen during sleep.
177
What is vasectomy reversal?
A surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens, restoring fertility after vasectomy.
178
What is prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?
A protein measured in blood tests to screen for prostate cancer.
179
What are the early symptoms of prostate cancer?
Frequent urination, difficulty urinating, weak urine flow, and blood in urine or semen.
180
What lifestyle changes help prevent erectile dysfunction?
Regular exercise, healthy diet, reducing stress, quitting smoking, and avoiding excessive alcohol.
181
What are phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
Medications like Viagra and Cialis that help treat erectile dysfunction.
182
How does diabetes contribute to erectile dysfunction?
It damages blood vessels and nerves, reducing blood flow to the penis.
183
What is the relationship between cardiovascular health and erections?
Poor heart health can cause reduced blood flow, leading to erectile dysfunction.
184
How does smoking affect male reproductive health?
It reduces sperm count, sperm motility, and erectile function.
185
What is sperm banking?
Freezing and storing sperm for future use, often for men undergoing medical treatments affecting fertility.
186
How does obesity affect male fertility?
It lowers testosterone levels, increases estrogen, and reduces sperm quality.
187
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A genetic disorder where men have an extra X chromosome (XXY), leading to infertility and low testosterone.
188
What is testicular self-examination (TSE)?
A method for men to check for lumps or changes that may indicate testicular cancer.
189
When should a man start doing testicular self-exams?
From teenage years onward, ideally once a month.
190
A man complains of pain and swelling in his scrotum after unprotected sex. He also has a fever. What is the likely diagnosis?
A) Testicular torsion
B) Epididymitis
C) Hydrocele
D) Varicocele
B) Epididymitis
191
A 50-year-old man has difficulty urinating and a weak urine stream. What condition is most likely?
A) Prostate cancer
B) Prostatitis
C) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
D) Urethral stricture
C) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
192
A teenager finds a painless lump on his testicle. What should he do?
A) Ignore it
B) Wait and see if it goes away
C) Perform home treatment
D) See a doctor immediately
D) See a doctor immediately
193
A couple is struggling to conceive, and the husband had mumps as a child. What test should he undergo?
A) Prostate exam
B) Sperm analysis
C) Testicular ultrasound
D) Hormone test
B) Sperm analysis
194
A cyclist experiences numbness in his groin after long rides. What should he do?
A) Switch to a padded seat
B) Continue cycling normally
C) Ignore the numbness
D) Take painkillers
A) Switch to a padded seat
195
A man has a painful, prolonged erection lasting more than 4 hours. What should he do?
A) Wait for it to go away
B) Apply ice packs
C) Seek emergency medical care
D) Take aspirin
C) Seek emergency medical care
196
A bodybuilder using anabolic steroids notices shrunken testicles. Why?
A) Increased sperm production
B) Hormonal imbalance
C) Improved testosterone levels
D) Genetic condition
B) Hormonal imbalance
197
A man’s urine is cloudy after sex, with discomfort when urinating. What could this indicate?
A) Bladder infection
B) Prostatitis
C) Kidney stones
D) Retrograde ejaculation
B) Prostatitis
198
A patient experiences erectile dysfunction after starting blood pressure medication. What should he do?
A) Stop taking the medication
B) Consult a doctor for alternatives
C) Take a double dose
D) Ignore it
B) Consult a doctor for alternatives
199
A patient with low sperm motility asks for lifestyle changes. What should be advised?
A) Avoid heat and tight underwear
B) Increase alcohol intake
C) Reduce physical activity
D) Consume high-fat foods
A) Avoid heat and tight underwear
200
A man undergoes a vasectomy but wants children later. What is an option?
A) Vasectomy reversal
B) Testosterone supplements
C) Prostate surgery
D) Erectile dysfunction treatment
A) Vasectomy reversal
201
A 45-year-old man notices blood in his semen. What should he do?
A) Ignore it
B) Reduce sexual activity
C) Seek medical evaluation
D) Drink more water
C) Seek medical evaluation
202
A patient asks if using two condoms provides extra protection. What is the correct response?
A) Yes, it doubles protection
B) No, it increases the risk of breakage
C) Only if lubricated
D) Only with different brands
B) No, it increases the risk of breakage
203
A man experiences difficulty maintaining an erection after heavy alcohol consumption. Why?
A) Alcohol increases testosterone
B) Alcohol decreases blood flow
C) Alcohol improves nerve function
D) Alcohol boosts libido
B) Alcohol decreases blood flow
204
A patient is embarrassed about erectile dysfunction. How should a nurse approach this?
A) Ignore the concern
B) Reassure that ED is common and discuss treatment
C) Suggest lifestyle changes only
D) Tell him to accept it
B) Reassure that ED is common and discuss treatment
205
A teenager asks why his testicles sometimes move closer to his body. What is the reason?
A) Temperature regulation
B) Random movement
C) Sperm storage
D) Hormonal surge
A) Temperature regulation
206
A man worries that masturbation will permanently reduce his sperm count. What is the truth?
A) Masturbation permanently lowers sperm count
B) Masturbation has no long-term effect on fertility
C) Masturbation causes infertility
D) Masturbation damages the prostate
B) Masturbation has no long-term effect on fertility
207
A man who smokes heavily wants to conceive. What is the concern?
A) Smoking has no effect on fertility
B) Smoking reduces sperm count and motility
C) Smoking improves sperm function
D) Smoking increases testosterone
B) Smoking reduces sperm count and motility
208
A man with diabetes has erectile dysfunction. What is the likely cause?
A) Nerve and blood vessel damage
B) Increased sperm production
C) Enhanced testosterone
D) Enlarged prostate
A) Nerve and blood vessel damage
209
What is the primary function of the male reproductive system?
A) Produce testosterone only
B) Produce, mature, and deliver sperm
C) Regulate body temperature
D) Support female reproduction
B) Produce, mature, and deliver sperm
210
Which structure is responsible for sperm production?
A) Epididymis
B) Seminiferous tubules
C) Prostate gland
D) Vas deferens
B) Seminiferous tubules
211
Which cells in the testes are responsible for testosterone production?
A) Sertoli cells
B) Leydig cells
C) Spermatogenic cells
D) Dartos cells
B) Leydig cells
212
Which muscle contracts to wrinkle the scrotum and conserve heat?
A) Cremaster muscle
B) Dartos muscle
C) Perineal muscle
D) Bulbospongiosus muscle
B) Dartos muscle
213
What is the role of the cremaster muscle?
A) Lubricates the urethra
B) Produces seminal fluid
C) Moves the testes up or down for temperature regulation
D) Aids in sperm maturation
C) Moves the testes up or down for temperature regulation
214
Why are the testes located outside the body?
A) To allow sperm to mix with seminal fluid
B) To protect them from infections
C) To maintain a temperature lower than body temperature for sperm production
D) To enhance testosterone secretion
C) To maintain a temperature lower than body temperature for sperm production
215
What is the site of sperm maturation and storage?
A) Prostate gland
B) Vas deferens
C) Epididymis
D) Urethra
C) Epididymis
216
What is the function of the vas deferens?
A) Produces sperm
B) Stores sperm
C) Transports sperm to the urethra
D) Produces testosterone
C) Transports sperm to the urethra
217
Which gland produces a fructose-rich fluid to nourish sperm?
A) Prostate gland
B) Bulbourethral glands
C) Seminal vesicles
D) Epididymis
C) Seminal vesicles
218
What is the role of the prostate gland?
A) Produces a milky fluid that neutralizes vaginal acidity
B) Stores sperm
C) Produces testosterone
D) Stimulates erection
A) Produces a milky fluid that neutralizes vaginal acidity
219
Which structure produces pre-ejaculate fluid to lubricate the urethra?
A) Seminal vesicles
B) Bulbourethral glands
C) Epididymis
D) Dartos muscle
B) Bulbourethral glands
220
What is semen composed of?
A) Only sperm cells
B) Only seminal fluid
C) Sperm and fluids from accessory glands
D) Testosterone and sperm
C) Sperm and fluids from accessory glands
221
Which part of the penis surrounds the urethra and prevents it from closing during an erection?
A) Corpora cavernosa
B) Corpus spongiosum
C) Glans penis
D) Tunica albuginea
B) Corpus spongiosum
222
What is the main function of the corpora cavernosa?
A) To store sperm
B) To produce seminal fluid
C) To facilitate erection by filling with blood
D) To neutralize vaginal acidity
C) To facilitate erection by filling with blood
223
What is a common symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
A) Testicular pain
B) Weak urine stream and frequent urination
C) Loss of sperm motility
D) Erectile dysfunction
B) Weak urine stream and frequent urination
224
Which structure prevents semen and urine from mixing?
A) Vas deferens
B) Bulbourethral glands
C) Internal urethral sphincter
D) Dartos muscle
C) Internal urethral sphincter
225
What is a key function of Sertoli cells?
A) Produce sperm
B) Provide nourishment and support for developing sperm
C) Secrete testosterone
D) Transport sperm to the urethra
B) Provide nourishment and support for developing sperm
226
Which structure carries both semen and urine?
A) Epididymis
B) Vas deferens
C) Urethra
D) Seminiferous tubules
C) Urethra
227
What is the function of the spermatic cord?
A) Supports and supplies blood to the testes
B) Produces testosterone
C) Produces seminal fluid
D) Stores sperm
A) Supports and supplies blood to the testes
228
Which condition results from fluid accumulation in the scrotum?
A) Epididymitis
B) Hydrocele
C) Testicular torsion
D) Prostatitis
B) Hydrocele
229
What is testicular torsion?
A) Inflammation of the testis
B) Twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testis
C) Enlargement of the prostate gland
D) Blockage of the vas deferens
B) Twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testis
230
Which condition is an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland?
A) Epididymitis
B) Hydrocele
C) Prostatitis
D) Testicular torsion
C) Prostatitis
231
What is retrograde ejaculation?
A) Premature ejaculation
B) Semen entering the bladder instead of exiting the penis
C) Low sperm count
D) Lack of sperm in semen
B) Semen entering the bladder instead of exiting the penis
232
What is a common cause of erectile dysfunction?
A) High testosterone levels
B) Diabetes and cardiovascular disease
C) Increased sperm count
D) Excessive exercise
B) Diabetes and cardiovascular disease
233
What is the most effective method of detecting testicular cancer early?
A) Blood test
B) Testicular self-examination (TSE)
C) Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
D) Ultrasound
B) Testicular self-examination (TSE)
234
Which procedure removes part of the prostate to treat BPH?
A) Vasectomy
B) Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
C) Prostatectomy
D) Hydrocelectomy
B) Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
235
Which of the following is a surgical method for male sterilization?
A) Vasectomy
B) TURP
C) Hydrocelectomy
D) Epididymectomy
A) Vasectomy
236
What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?
A) Prevents urine from mixing with semen
B) Regulates the production of testosterone
C) Increases blood flow to the penis
D) Lubricates the urethra
A) Prevents urine from mixing with semen
237
Which gland helps sperm survive the acidic environment of the vagina?
A) Seminal vesicles
B) Prostate gland
C) Bulbourethral glands
D) Epididymis
B) Prostate gland
238
Why does the prostate gland secrete a milky, alkaline fluid?
A) To nourish sperm with fructose
B) To neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina
C) To lubricate the urethra
D) To store sperm before ejaculation
B) To neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina
