Chapter I - Measuring Intelligence Flashcards
Chapter I
Who was Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet–Simon test
What does Craniometry means
Craniometry is the study of people’s intellectual abilities based on the shape and size of their head
What Alfred Binet initially studied ?
Although Binet initially studied law, he never pursued a career as a lawyer. Instead, he became interested in medical science
What does neurology means?
Neurology is the scientific study of the brain and the nervous system
At what hospital Alfred Binet gained his first employment
Salpetriere Hospital in Paris
Binet worked with Jean-Martin Charcot, the person often regarded as the founder of modern…
neurology
At Salpetriere, Binet worked on topics as diverse as…
child development, visual illusions, mental illness and hypnotism
In 1891, Binet, moved to the recently created psychology laboratory at Paris’s most prestigious university…
Sorbonne, where he became director and remained until his death in 1911
Why Bine became desillusioned with the craniometry method
At his laboratory at the Sorbonne, Binet found that in most instances differences in head size were too small (often just a few millimetres). More importantly, the differences were not consistent, so children who performed poorly in school often had bigger heads than the children who performed well
What does Confirmatory bias means
Confirmatory bias - when a scientist’s expectations unconsciously influence the outcome of their research.
What does psychometrics means
Psychometrics - a field of study in psychology concerned with psychological measurements of things like attitudes, personality traits, mood or intelligence
The disappointment with craniometry led Binet to abandon his method and move to
Psychometrics
What does personality means
Personality is defined as the characteristic set of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns
What does battery of test means
a series of tests aimed at measuring the same thing, such as intelligence
In 1895, Binet began work on a battery of tests. Success came a decade after in collaboration with
a young doctor, Theodore Simon
In 1904, the government asked them to devise a reliable way of identifying children with…
special educational needs
The final version of the Binet-Simon test was completed shortly before his …
his death in 1911
As part of the Binet-Simon test, children were asked to perform a series of short tasks, such us…
- following commands
- naming objects in pictures
- defining abstracts words
- memorising spoken numbers
There were 54 tasks in total, arrange in order of difficult
When and by who it was translate into English the Binet-Simon test?
In 1908 by the American psychologist Henry Goddard.
When was the Binet-Simon amended and by whom?
In 1916, by Lewis Terman who named his version the Standford-Binet test.
Every how many years is revise and published a new version and which one is the most recent?
Every 20 years or so. The most recent is the fifth version of the Standfor-Binet test(the SB-V), published in 2003.
What kind of abilities was assess in the Binet-Simon test?
- Short-term memory
- verbal ability and good command of language
- Numerical skills
- general knowledge questions(naming colors, distinguish between morning and afternoon and so on)
- Non-verbal reasoning (drawing objects or shapes)
Which are the two most important Legacies from Binet’s test?
- The specific abilities measured in Binet’s test feature in most subsequent intelligence test. e.g Wechster Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
- Intelligence should be assessed only in relation to the population for which the test is intended. e. g Children performance compare with other children’s performance.
What means ‘test norms’?
Benchmarks or standards used to assess an individual’s performance on intelligence tests. How a person’s test score compares with the scores of other test takers.
What means ‘test standardization’?
The process of establishing test norms by administering the test to a large sample of population for which the test is intended.
What was Binet’s central motivation?
Solve a practical problem.
What was the difference between Binet’s and his contemporaries?
Intelligence for Binet was not a fixed thing, Intelligence could grow. His contemporaries treated intelligence as an inherent, innate and fixed property and used it as a tool of oppression and discrimination.
What WAIS stands for?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence
What does IQ stands for
Intelligence Quotient (quotient/a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another) - A score that indicates how a person’s intellectual ability compares to the general population
IQ Formula
IQ = Mental Age divided by Chronological age X 100
What’s Binet’s opinion in regards with the IQ test
He believed that the popularisation of IQ as a measure of intelligence makes intelligence seem like a fixed quality rather then something that could be changed through education
What means Normal Distribution ?
Refers to the assumption that human characteristics ,which vary between people, will be distributed in a population in such a way that values at or close to the average will occur more frequently than extreme ones.
