Chapter Four

Question 1

3 Stages of Labor

Answer 1

Stage 1: Dilation and Effacement of the Cervix / Transition
Stage 2: Pushing / Birth of the Baby
Stage 3: Delivery of the Placenta

Question 2

APGAR

Answer 2

Appearance
Pulse
Grim-mace
Activity
Respiration  
(scale 7 or better is good condition)

Question 3

Placentia Previa

Answer 3

A problem where the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb and covers all or part of the opening in the cervix

Question 4

LBW (low birth rate) Risks

Answer 4

Brain structural abnormalities, frequent illness, inattention, overreaction, sensory impairments, poor motor coordination, language delays, low intelligence test scores, deficits in school learning, and emotional and behavior problems.

Question 5

Prematurity risks

Answer 5

at risk for unfavorable outcomes

dependent on parent-child relationship in order to increase health

Question 6

Small for date risks

Answer 6

babies who are below their expected weight considering the length of their pregnancy
During the first year, they are more likely to die, catch infections, and who evidence of brain damage. By middle school they are smaller in stature, lower intelligence scores, are less attentive, achieve more poorly in school, and are socially immature.

Question 7

SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

Answer 7

SiDs is the leading cause of infant morality between 1 week and 12 months in industrialized nations. Its occurrence tends to peak between 2 and 4 months of age.

Question 8

Ways to reduce SIDS

Answer 8

Quit smoking and taking drugs
Put babies to sleep on their backs
Remove bedclothes
Pacifiers are another protective measure

Question 9

Preterm Interventions

Answer 9

Isolette
Respirator
Feeing Tube
Intravenous medication
Special infant stimulation
Kangaroo skin-to-skin contact
Parent training in caregiving

Question 10

Newborn reflexes

Answer 10

is an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation
- Eye Blink -Withdrawal -Rooting -Sucking -Swimming -Moro -Palmar grasp -Tonic Neck -Stepping -Babinski

Question 11

Stages of Arousal

Answer 11

Regular
Irregular 
Drowsiness
Quiet Alertness
Waking activity or crying

Question 12

Cesarean Birth

Answer 12

Also known as c-section, means that your baby is delivered through incisions in the abdominal wall and uterus

Question 13

Breech position

Answer 13

when the baby does not naturally turn head-down late in the pregnancy.
Frank Breech- butt first, feet near head
Complete Breech - butt first, feet near the butt
Footling Breech - one leg or both legs are stretched out

Question 14

Premature separation of placenta

Answer 14

Tobacco and cocaine

Question 15

Kangaroo Care

Answer 15

practice on newborn, usually preterm, where the infant is held, skin-to-skin with an adult.

Question 16

Induced labor

Answer 16

Induced labor is the artificial start of the birth process through medical interventions or other methods.
22% of births are induced

Question 17

Ways to soothe a crying baby

Answer 17

hold on shoulder and rock or walk
swaddle
pacifier
soothing sounds
ride in carriage, car, swing
massage
combine methods
let cry for short time

Question 18

newborn sense of touch

Answer 18

reflexive response to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals

Question 19

newborn senses of taste and smell

Answer 19

prefer sweet tastes at birth
quickly learn to like new tastes
have odor preferences from birth
can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth

Question 20

newborn sense of hearing

Answer 20

can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth
prefer complex sounds to pure tones
learn sound patterns within days
sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language

Question 21

newborn sense of vision

Answer 21

least developed senses at birth
unable to see long distances, focus clearly
scan environment and try to track interesting objects
color vision improves in first two months

Question 22

Neonatal behavioral assessment scale

Answer 22

evaluates a baby’s reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli

Question 23

Transition to parenthood

Answer 23

gender roles may become more traditional
sharing caregiving predicts greater happiness and sensitivity to the baby
postponing parenthood until the late twenties or thirties eases transition.

Question 24

Single mother families

Answer 24

39% of babies in the United States are born to single mothers
most non-marital births are unplanned.
unprepared adolescent teens, low income women in 20s, exception is financially secure women ages 30-45

Question 25

Parental Depression and Child development

Answer 25

8% to 10% of first time mothers experience postpartum depression after the birth of their baby
3 %to 5% of fathers also report depression after the birth of a child
Parental dperession can have a negative effect on a child’s world view
Early treatment is vital

Question 26

Parent interventions

Answer 26

Prebirth counseling can ease the transition to parenthood
High-risk parents struggling with poverty or a baby with disabilities will benefit from intensive home interventions
low-income parents may require tangible support