Chapter Four Flashcards
Consciousness
The awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experienced at a given moment
Stage 1 sleep
The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves
Stage 2 sleep
A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of “sleep spindles.”
Stage 3 sleep
A sleep characterized by slow brain waves, with greater peaks and valleys in the wave pattern than in stage 2 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
The deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Sleep occupying 20% of an adult’s sleeping time, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate; erections; eye movements; and the experience of dreaming
Unconscious wish fulfillment theory
Sigmund Freud’s theory that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled
Dreams-for-survival theory
The theory suggesting that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Hobson’s theory that the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories stored in the brain
Circadian Rhythms
Biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle
Daydreams
Fantasies that people construct while awake
Hypnosis
A trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others
Meditation
A learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that influence a person’s emotions, perceptions, and behavior
Addictive Drugs
Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases, may be nearly irresistible
