Chapter Four

Question 1

Give 3 factors which can lead to ill health at a farm level.

Answer 1

Question 2

Give 3 of the primary causes of ill health in livestock.

Answer 2

Question 3

Give 4 signs a ewe may present when she is in good health.

Answer 3

Question 4

Give 4 signs a ewe may present when she is in poor health.

Answer 4

Question 5

When should a farmer dose lambs for nematodirus?

Answer 5

Lambs are usually dosed at about 5 weeks and again at 10 weeks.

Question 6

What mineral deficiency causes swayback in young lambs?

Answer 6

Copper deficiency in ewes diet in mid pregnancy.

Question 7

Describe a vaccination programme for a clostridia disease

Answer 7

Question 8

Name 3 clostridial diseases that affect sheep?

Answer 8

Question 9

Identify three ways of reducing Liver Fluke infection on farms.

Answer 9

Drainage is best way to control this disease as it depends on the mud snail to complete its life cycle.

Avoid grazing wet “flakey” pastures from mid August onwards.

Where fluke exists dosing with an effective glucose is necessary.

Question 10

What causes twin lamb disease in ewes?

Answer 10

Question 11

When is a ewe most at risk of Hypocalcaemia?

Answer 11

Question 11

What is the difference between a prolapsed vagina and a prolapsed uterus in ewes?

Answer 11

A prolapsed uterus (putting out the lamb bed) usually occurs after lambing, particularly difficult lambings.

Prolapsed vagina occurs during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 12

List 3 factors which can predict if a ewe likely to experience vaginal prolapse while lambing.

Answer 12

Question 13

What is Agalactia in ewes?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the 3 most common diseases which lead to lameness in sheep?

Answer 14

Scald,
Foot rot,
Shelly Hoof,
Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis (CODD)
Toe Granuloma.

Question 15

What % solution of zinc sulphate is required for treating footrot?

Answer 15

10% solution.

Question 16

What is Anthelmintic resistance?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the main cause of death in lambs?

Answer 17

Starvation. It accounts for one third of all lamb deaths.

Question 18

List 4 biosecurity measures that can be implemented to reduce the spread or outbreak of diseases among your flock.

Answer 18

Pg 119 to 120

Question 19

List and explain 5 bio-security measures that could be implemented on a sheep farm to control the introduction of disease.

Answer 19

Pg 119-120

Question 20

Outline the symptoms associated with footrot and advise how you would plan to treat footrot in a ewe in the first instance.

Answer 20

Question 21

If a ewe shows persistent/repetitive signs of a footrot infection, please outline two potential solutions you might think of.

Answer 21

Question 22

Outline 5 steps that can be taken to reduce anthelmintic resistance within a flock.

Answer 22

Question 23

Choose one common disease of ewes and lambs at lambing time and be able to answer the following:
a. Disease/Disorder:
b. Animal affected (Ewe/Lamb/Zoonotic):
c. Symptoms:
d. Treatment (and actions taken):
e. Prevention:

Question 24

Name 4 External parasites commonly associated with sheep.

Answer 24

Blow Fly Strike
Sheep Scab
Ticks
Lice

Question 25

How long after lambing does FEC increase in ewes?

Question 26

What can lead to higher cases of anthelmintic resistance in a flock?

Answer 26

The continuous use of anthelmintics can lead to the development of anthelmintic resistance.

Question 27

How can anthelmintic resistance in a flock be delayed?

Answer 27

Question 28

What climate conditions favour liver fluke in agriculture?

Answer 28

Moist and warm conditions

Question 29

What are three stages of fluke that we can treat for?

Answer 29

Question 30

Name 2 Internal parasites commonly associated with sheep.

Answer 30

Species that have a twelve month life cycle - Nematodirus.

Species that complete their life cycle during the same grazing season - Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus.