Chapter Four

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

the condition in which all of the body’s systems are working at their best

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body

Question 3

dilate

Answer 3

to widen

Question 4

constrict

Answer 4

to narrow

Question 5

atrophy

Answer 5

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use

Question 6

contracture

Answer 6

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity

Question 7

inflammation

Answer 7

swelling

Question 8

autoimmune illness

Answer 8

illness in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

Question 9

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities

Question 10

osteoarthritis

Answer 10

common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.

Question 11

osteoporosis

Answer 11

a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily

Question 12

menopause

Answer 12

the end of menstruation; occurs when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months

Question 13

partial weight-bearing (PWB)

Answer 13

a doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs.

Question 14

non-weight-bearing (NWB)

Answer 14

a doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.

Question 15

full weight-bearing (FWB)

Answer 15

doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs.

Question 16

hemiplegia

Answer 16

paralysis on one side of the body.

Question 17

hemiparesis

Answer 17

weakness on one side of the body

Question 18

expressive aphasia

Answer 18

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing

Question 19

receptive aphasia

Answer 19

difficulty understanding spoken or written words.

Question 20

emotional lability

Answer 20

inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses, including laughing, crying, and anger

Question 21

dysphagia

Answer 21

difficulty swallowing

Question 22

gait

Answer 22

manner of walking

Question 23

paraplegia

Answer 23

the loss of function of the lower body and legs

Question 24

quadriplegia

Answer 24

loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms

Question 25

hypertension (HTN)

Answer 25

high blood pressure, measuring 130/80 or higher.

Question 26

diuretics

Answer 26

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body

Question 27

respiration

Answer 27

the process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 28

inspiration

Answer 28

the process of inhaling air into the lungs

Question 29

expiration

Answer 29

the process of exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 30

dyspnea

Answer 30

difficulty breathing.

Question 31

digestion

Answer 31

the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells

Question 32

elimination

Answer 32

the process of expelling solid wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells

Question 33

fecal incontinence

Answer 33

the inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

Question 34

constipation

Answer 34

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.

Question 35

enema

Answer 35

specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

Question 36

ostomy

Answer 36

a surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside

Question 37

stoma

Answer 37

an artificial opening in the body

Question 38

glands

Answer 38

organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones.

Question 39

hormones

Answer 39

condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin.

Question 40

diabetes

Answer 40

condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin.

Question 41

insulin

Answer 41

a hormone that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body

Question 42

glucose

Answer 42

natural sugar

Question 43

pre-diabetes

Answer 43

condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but are not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Question 44

gestational diabetes

Answer 44

type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy

Question 45

reproduce

Answer 45

to create new human life.

Question 46

gonads

Answer 46

sex glands

Question 47

tumor

Answer 47

a cluster of abnormally growing cells