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Psychology 1010 > Chapter Four > Flashcards

Chapter Four Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is sleep important?

A

Not fully sure. Some believed that sleep protected our ancestors from nighttime predators and allowed them to conserve energy at night. A second explanation is that sleep restores and replenishes our bodies and brains.

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2
Q

What is stage 1 sleep?

A

The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.

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3
Q

What is stage 2 sleep?

A

A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of “sleep spindles.”

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4
Q

What is stage 3 sleep?

A

A sleep characterized by slow brain waves, with greater peaks and valleys in the wave pattern than in stage 2 sleep.

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5
Q

What is stage 4 sleep?

A

The deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.

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6
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

Sleep occupying 20% of an adult’s sleeping time, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate; erections; eye movements; and the experience of dreaming.

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7
Q

What are the consequences of sleep deprevation?

A

There are no permanent consequences of sleep deprivation. Short-term, sleep deprivation leads to edginess, slower reaction times, lower performance on academic and physical tasks, and mental health.

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8
Q

What is unconscious wish fulfillment theory?

A

Sigmund Freud’s theory that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled.

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9
Q

What is the dreams-for-survival theory?

A

The theory suggesting that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.

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10
Q

What is the activation-synthesis theory

A

Hobson’s theory that the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories stored in the brain.

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11
Q

What are the three main dream theories?

A

activation-synthesis theory, unconscious wish fulfillment theory, and dreams-for-survival theory.

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12
Q

What are the common sleep disorders?

A

Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Sleep paralysis, Night terrors, and sleep apnea.

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13
Q

What is Insomnia?

A

Unable to fall asleep easily, or go to sleep readily but wake up frequently in the night.

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14
Q

What are Night Terrors?

A

Sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.

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15
Q

What is Sleep Paralysis?

A

The inability to speak or perform any voluntary muscle movements during sleep.

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16
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake. Go from completely awake to REM, skipping all stages.

17
Q

What is Sleep Apnea?

A

When a person has difficulty breathing while sleeping. Results in a disturbed, fitful sleep.

18
Q

What’s the difference between Nightmares and Night Terrors?

A

Nightmares allow individuals to recycle and dispose of old fears and bad memories.

19
Q

What are the categories of psychoactive drugs?

A

Stimulants, Depressants, Narcotics, and Hallucinogens.

20
Q

What are depressants?

A

Drugs that slow down the nervous system.

21
Q

What are Stimulants?

A

Drugs that have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.

22
Q

What are Hallucinogens?

A

A class of drug that is capable of producing hallucinations, or changes in the perceptual process.

23
Q

What are Narcotics?

A

Drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.

24
Q

What are Stimulants?

A

Drugs that have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension. Coffee is an example of this.

25
Q

What are the Effects of Narcotics?

A

Increases relaxation, relieves pain and anxiety.

26
Q

What are the effects of Stimulants?

A

Increased attentiveness, decreased reaction time, energy and alertness, sometimes nervousness and insomnia.

27
Q

What are the effects of depressants?

A

Temporary feelings of intoxication, drunkenness, euphoria, joy, slurred speech, disjointed muscle control.

28
Q

What are the effects of Hallucinogens

A

Thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of the world around them is distorted, producing hallucinations.

29
Q

What are common Stimulants?

A

Caffeine, Amphetamines, and Cocaine

30
Q

What are common Narcotics?

A

Heroin an Oxycodone

31
Q

What are common Depressants?

A

Alcohol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines

32
Q

What are common Hallucinogens?

A

Cannabis, MDMA and LSD

Psychology 1010 (4 decks)

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