Chapter Five: Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Amino acid transmitter
GABA
Cholinergic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Monoamine neurotransmitter
Catechloamine: Dopaminergic (dopamine), Adrenergic (Norep, epineph)
Indoleamine (serotonin)
Other (histamine)
Peptide neurotransmitter
Somatostatin, substance P, neurotensin
Unusual neurotransmitter
Endocannabinoids, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulphide
Putative neurotransmitter
Prostoglandins, adenosine
6 types of neurotransmitters
Amino acid Cholinergic Monoamine Peptide Unusual Putative
Unusual neurotransmitters break the rules
Can be gases, not released from vesicles
NO released from the postsynaptic neuron and works in a retrograde fashion - not stored, just diffused across the membrane
Action potential
Influx of Na and outflow of K along the axon of a neuron
Neurotransmitters removed via
Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron
Enzymatic degredation
NT receptors types
Receptors located on the outside for NTs that cannot pass lipid bilayer
- Ionotropic
- Metabotropic
- Tyrosine receptor kinase
Neurotransmitter receptor subtypes
GABAergic Glutamatergic NMDA Glycinergic Cholinergic M1, M2 Dopaminergic D1, D2 Adrenergic, alpha, beta Serotonergic, 5- Histaminergic, H1, H2 Opiod, Greek letters Endocannabinoid, CB1, CB2
Ionotropic receptors
Open ion channels
Stimulated by amino acid NTs (GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine)
Metabotropic receptors
Activate intracellular secondary messenger systems (e.g. cAMP)
Stimulated by catechloamine and peptide neurotransmitters
Tyrosine receptor kinase
Responsible for growth factors, neurotrophins and leptins
Single stranded binding proteins that project through the mebrane