Chapter Five: Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acid transmitter

A

GABA

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2
Q

Cholinergic neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

Monoamine neurotransmitter

A

Catechloamine: Dopaminergic (dopamine), Adrenergic (Norep, epineph)

Indoleamine (serotonin)

Other (histamine)

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4
Q

Peptide neurotransmitter

A

Somatostatin, substance P, neurotensin

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5
Q

Unusual neurotransmitter

A

Endocannabinoids, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulphide

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6
Q

Putative neurotransmitter

A

Prostoglandins, adenosine

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7
Q

6 types of neurotransmitters

A
Amino acid
Cholinergic
Monoamine
Peptide
Unusual
Putative
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8
Q

Unusual neurotransmitters break the rules

A

Can be gases, not released from vesicles

NO released from the postsynaptic neuron and works in a retrograde fashion - not stored, just diffused across the membrane

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9
Q

Action potential

A

Influx of Na and outflow of K along the axon of a neuron

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters removed via

A

Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron

Enzymatic degredation

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11
Q

NT receptors types

A

Receptors located on the outside for NTs that cannot pass lipid bilayer

  1. Ionotropic
  2. Metabotropic
  3. Tyrosine receptor kinase
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12
Q

Neurotransmitter receptor subtypes

A
GABAergic 
Glutamatergic NMDA
Glycinergic
Cholinergic M1, M2
Dopaminergic D1, D2
Adrenergic, alpha, beta
Serotonergic, 5-
Histaminergic, H1, H2
Opiod, Greek letters
Endocannabinoid, CB1, CB2
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13
Q

Ionotropic receptors

A

Open ion channels

Stimulated by amino acid NTs (GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine)

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14
Q

Metabotropic receptors

A

Activate intracellular secondary messenger systems (e.g. cAMP)

Stimulated by catechloamine and peptide neurotransmitters

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15
Q

Tyrosine receptor kinase

A

Responsible for growth factors, neurotrophins and leptins

Single stranded binding proteins that project through the mebrane

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16
Q

Cranial Nerves (part of the somatic nervous system)

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Accessory nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve