Chapter Five(continued): The Four Educational Philosophies Flashcards
What are the four types of educational philosophies?
- Essentialism
- Perennialism
- Progressivism
- Social Reconstructionism
What is Essentialism?
The perspective that there are course skills and knowledge that all students should acquire, essentialism suggest that their core skills and knowledge that all students required skills are essential for sustaining our social order. It seems to preserve a society’s cultural heritage.
Example: EDUCATION NEEDS TO GET BACK TO THE BASICS
TEACHERS NEED TO BE SUBJECT- AREA SPECIALISTS
What is Perennialism?
The perspective, that certain ideas and truths transcend time and are prevalent in the great literature of the ages it is the belief that school should teach ideas that are everlasting, evergreen ideas, which have lasted through many generations.
EXAMPLE: schools must focus on the skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening, particularly in the early grades so that students will be able to study the great works of literature, history and philosophy in the later grades.
- drill and practice will prepare students for the intellectual challenges that await them.
- favor, teacher centered instruction.
- vocational training would be eliminated. The school is responsible for the cultivation of mental discipline that affords the ability to assume a lifelong quest for the truth.
What is Progressivism? (John Dewey)
Education is not preparation for life. Education is life itself arriving at one goal is the starting point to another failure is instructive the person who really thinks learns quite as much from his failures as from his successes.
What is progressivism?(Maria Montessori)
The greatest sign of success for a teacher is to be able to say The children are now working, as if I did not exist never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed establishing lasting peace as the work of education all politics can do is keep us out of war
EXAMPLE: the philosophical focus on developing the whole child, including academics arts and hands on curriculum following the teachings progressive this adopted the perspective that people were best from experiences that are meaningful in their lives talking of disciplining mine to pursue universal truths, replace the talk of the relevance of life experience.
What is Social Reconstructionism & Critical Pedagogy Key Theorists?
Teachers and students must be made aware of the politics that surround education helped prepare students to make a better world through instilling democratic values. School approach is very student centered.
