Chapter E - units, measurements and problem solving Flashcards
What is the standard unit of measure for length?
meters (m)
what is the standard unit of measure for mass?
kilograms (kg)
What is the standard unit of measurement for time?
seconds (s)
What is the standard unit of measurement for volume?
liters (L)
what is the standard unit of measurement for Amount of substance?
mole (mol)
What is the standard unit of measurement for Electric current?
Ampere (A)
What is the standard unit of measurement for Luminous Intensity?
Candela (cd)
what is the symbol and the multiplier of the prefix kilo?
symbol: k Multiplier: 1000 (10^3)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix deci?
symbol: d multiplier: 0.1 (10^-1)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix centi?
symbol: c multiplier: 0.01 (10^-2)
what is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix milli?
symbol: m multiplier: 0.001 (10^-3)
what is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix micro?
symbol: μ multiplier: 0.000001 (10^-6)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix nano?
symbol: n multiplier: 0.000000001 (10^-9)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix pico?
symbol: p multiplier: 0.000000000001 (10^-12)
what is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix femto?
symbol: f multiplier: 0.000000000000001 (10^-15)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix atto?
symbol: a multiplier: 0.000000000000000001 (10^-18)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix mega?
symbol: M multiplier: 1,000,000 (10^6)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix giga?
symbol: G multiplier: 1,000,000,000 (10^9)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix tera?
symbol: T multiplier 1,000,000,000,000 (10^12)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix peta?
symbol: P multiplier: 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10^15)
What is the symbol and multiplier of the prefix exa?
symbol: E multiplier: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10^18)
What is the equation to convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin?
K = C + 273.15
What is the equation to convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin?
C = K - 273.15
What is the equation to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius?
C = (F-32)/1.8
What is the equation to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
F = 1.8(C) +32
What is the equation for Density?
Density (g/cm^3) = mass(g)/volume(cm^3)
when considering the reliability of measurements what does the number of reported digits represent?
The certainty in the measurement
what is the significance of scientific measurements?
they are reported so every digit is certain except the last, which is estimated
What does accuracy mean?
how close a series of measurements are to the actual value
What does precision mean?
how close a series of measurements are to one another
What is a systematic error?
error is all off in the same direction
can be identified and corrected
what is a random error?
equal probability of measure being lower or higher than it should be
difficult to correct or find source
What are the significant figures of exact numbers?
infinite significant figures
discreet objects - 100 pennies
conversion factors 1in = 2.54cm
integrals in an equation: radius = diameter/2
What are the significant figures of nonzero digits?
always count as significant figures
e.g. 536 (3sf) and 82.64 (4sf)
What are the rules for significant figures with interior zeros?
they are always significant
e.g. 4008 (4sf) and 2.06 (3sf)
What are the rules for significant figures with place-holder zeros?
they are not significant
0.017 (2sf)
0.0000009 (1sf)
What are the rules for significant figures with trailing zeros?
trailing zeros are always significant
e.g. 0.1200
trailing zeros before an implied decimal point are ambiguous, but can be avoided by using scientific notation
e.g. 54000 (5.4 x 10^4) = 2sf or 5.40 x 10^4) = 3sf
When multiplying/dividing numbers, what should you be rounding numbers according to?
the significant figures
