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Pharmacology- Keiser > Chapter Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

Study of medicines
how they are administered
how they respond in the body.

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2
Q

Define Therapeutics

A

Treatment of disease & suffering

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3
Q

Pharmacotherapy
Aka: PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

A

Drug administration for the purpose of treating disease and alleviating suffering

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4
Q

Define a Drug

A

Chemical agent capable of producing biological responses

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5
Q

Medication

A

After drug is administered

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6
Q

Define Biologics

A

Naturally Produced Agents

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7
Q

Define Biosimilars

A

Chemically synthetic drugs closely related to FDA approved biologic medications

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8
Q

CAM therapies
(Complementary and alternative medicine therapies)

A

Involves techniques outside of conventional therapeutics

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9
Q

Define Therapeutic classification

A

Organization of drugs based on usefulness in treating diseases

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10
Q

Pharmacologic classification

A

Organized drugs based on response in the body.

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11
Q

Define Mechanism of action

A

How drug produces physiologic effects in the body

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12
Q

Prototype

A

Well-understood drug model other drug in similar class are compared to

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13
Q

Define Chemical name

A

Assigned using standard nomenclature established by IUPAC (international union of pure and applied chemistry)

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14
Q

Generic name

A

Assigned by US Adopted Name Council; less complicated & easier to remember (only one generic name per drug).

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15
Q

Define how Biosimilars are used

A

generic name followed by 4 lower case letters approved by FDA

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16
Q

Define Trade name

A

Assigned by company marketing ($$$) drug; they own it.

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17
Q

Combination drug

A

Contains more than 1 active generic ingredient

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18
Q

Define Pharmacoeconomics

A

Compares value of one drug to another; balances cost and benefits of interventions

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19
Q

Define Formulary

A

Drug lists & recipes

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20
Q

Define Pharmacopoeia

A

Medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity/ strength/ synthesis directions

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21
Q

Define FDA

A

US food & drug administration was establishes as agency of HHS (US department of health human surfaces

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22
Q

Define CDER
Aka: center of drug evaluation and research

A

Branch of the FDA with control over OTC/prescription use in drug therapy; facilitates safe/effective drugs on the market.

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23
Q

Preclinical investigation

A

Extensive lab testing/research

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24
Q

Black box warning

A

Information located in package inserts identifying extreme adverse reactions

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25
Q

What is Clinical investigation?

A

2nd phase of drug testing; takes place in clinical phase trials

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26
Q

Define Clinical phase trials

A

3 different phases & the longest part of drug approval process

27
Q

NDA
(New drug application)

A

Must be submitted before a drug is allowed to proceed to next phase of application process

28
Q

IND
(Investigational new drug)

A

May be submitted for phase 1 clinical trials when it is determined to have therapeutic benefits and product is reasonably safe for humans

29
Q

Define NDA Review

A

Third phase; trade name is finalized in this phase.

30
Q

Post marketing surveillance

A

Final phase; surveys drug effects in larger population

31
Q

Define Accelerated approval program

A

Allows earlier drug approval to treat serious conditions

32
Q

How is Dependence defined?

A

Defined as Physical or psychological

33
Q

How would you define Physical dependence of a drug?

A

Altered physical condition caused by adaptation of nervous system to repeated drug use.

34
Q

Withdrawal

A

Expressed physical signs of discomfort from lack of drug

35
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Compelling desire to keep using drug(s)

36
Q

Controlled substances

A

Drug restricted in use by Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

37
Q

Scheduled drugs

A

Classified according to abuse potential; schedule l being the highest for abuse potential and schedule V having the lowest abuse potential.

38
Q

Teratogenic risk

A

Places drugs in category based of fetal/pregnancy harm; category A, B, C, D, X.
X poses the most risk; A poses the least risk.

39
Q

AE
(Adverse event)
(Adverse effect)

A

Undesirable drug effect

40
Q

Side effect

A

Non-therapeutic drug reactions

41
Q

Allergic reactions

A

An acquired hyper-response of the body to a foreign invader

42
Q

Five rights of drug administration

A
  1. Right pt
  2. Right med
  3. Right dose
  4. Right route
  5. Right time
43
Q

Three checks of drug administration

A
  1. Check drug with MAR at least 3x
  2. Check drug before use or taking out of package
  3. Check before administration to patient
44
Q

Adherence

A

Taking medication as prescribed

45
Q

STAT order

A

Any med needed immediately and only given once

46
Q

ASAP order

A

Not as immediate as STAT order; should be given in at least 30 minutes after ordered

47
Q

Single order

A

Drug given only once & at specific time

48
Q

PRN order

A

As needed

49
Q

Routine orders

A
  1. STAT
  2. PRN
  3. ASAP
  4. NOW
50
Q

Standing orders

A

Written in advanced for a specific circumstance

51
Q

Enteral route

A

Drugs given orally, or through GI/nasogastric tubes

52
Q

EC
(Enteric-coated)

A

Designed to dissolve in alkaline environment of small intestines

53
Q

SR
(Sustained-release)

A

Releases med over extended period of time; allows for one to two a day dosing.

54
Q

Sublingual route

A

Placed under tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly

55
Q

Buccal route

A

Tablet/capsule placed between gum & cheek; must be sure pt doesn’t manipulate location of med, it could change how it is absorbed

56
Q

ODTs
(Orally disintegrating tablets)

A

Oral soluble film; no need for water, quick dissolvent

57
Q

Astringent effect

A

Drops/sprays ability to shrink swollen mucous membranes or loosen secretions to cause drainage. Brings immediate relief

58
Q

Parenteral route

A

Delivers med by:
Needle through skin
Sub-Q
IM
IV

59
Q

ID
Intradermal

A

Injection into the dermis

60
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Delivered to deeper tissue layers associated w/ skin.

61
Q

IM
Intramuscular

A

Delivers meds into specific muscles

62
Q

4 common IM injection sites:

A

Ventrogluteal- (preferred for IM)
Deltoid
Dorsogluteal- Rarely used; high risk in causing sciatic nerve damage
Vastus lateralis

63
Q

IV
Intravenous

A

Delivered directly into bloodstream

64
Q

3 basic IV routes:

A

Long-Volume Infusion:
Is for fluid maintenance, replacement, or supplementation.

Intermittent Infusion:
Small amount of IV med piggybacked to primary large-volume infusion

IV Bolus (PUSH) administration:
Delivered directly into circulation via Syringe with single dose med

Pharmacology- Keiser (5 decks)

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