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GCSE Chemistry > Chapter C5 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chapter C5 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ores?

A

Rocks from which it is economical to extract metals that they contain

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2
Q

What does oxidised mean?

A

A substance that has had oxygen added to it

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3
Q

What are ores commonly chemically bonded to?

A

Oxygen from the air

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4
Q

Toe extract metals what must you do?

A

Reduce the metal oxide- have oxygen removed

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5
Q

Name the order of the reactivity series?

A 
Potassium 
Sodium 
Lithium 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Aluminium 
Carbon 
Zinc
Iron 
Tin 
Lead 
Hydrogen 
Copper 
Silver 
Gold
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6
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

A list of metals in order of their reactivity

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7
Q

Which metals fizz (give off hydrogen gas) when reacting with water?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium

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8
Q

What is fizzing?

A

Release of hydrogen gas

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9
Q

What happens when the most reactive metals react with water?

A

Fizz

Leave an alkaline solution of metal hydroxide

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10
Q

Which metals explode when reacting in dilute acid?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium

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11
Q

Which metals have a very slow reaction with water?

A

Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron

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12
Q

What requirement does aluminium have to meet before it reacts?

A

The oxygen must be removed

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13
Q

Which metals fizz when put in dilute acid?

A 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Aluminium 
Zinc 
Iron
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14
Q

What happens when C M A Z I react with dilute acid?

A

Fizz, release hydrogen gas

Form a salt

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15
Q

Which metals have a slight reaction with steam?

A

Tin lead

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16
Q

Which metals react slowly with warm acid?

A

Tin

Lead

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17
Q

Which metals do not react with water even when steam is present?

A

Copper
Silver
Gold

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18
Q

Which metals do not react with dilute acid?

A

Copper
Silver
Gold

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19
Q

What happens when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one?

A

Forms an aqueous solution of one of its salts

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20
Q

Give an example of a displacement equation

A

Magnesium + copper sulfate —>

Magnesium sulfate +copper

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21
Q

Define oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

Loss of oxygen

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22
Q

Define reduction

A

Gain of electrons

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23
Q

Where are metals found?

A

The earths crust

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24
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

When there is enough metal in a rock to make it worth extracting the metal

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25
Q

What are the three things that make it worth extracting a metal?

A

How easy it is to extract
How much metal the ore contains
The changing demands for a particular metal

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26
Q

What does carbon displace?

A

Less reactive metals from their oxides

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27
Q

Why use hydrogen to reduce oxide rather than carbon?

A

Carbon can result in the compound tungsten carbide

28
Q

How are more reactive metals extracted from their ores if not reduction?

A

Electrolysis

29
Q

When does a salt form?

A

When the hydrogenate in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal ions

30
Q

How can you make salts?

A

Reacting metals more reactive than hydrogen with acid

31
Q

Complete the equation

Metal + acid ——>

A

A salt + hydrogen

32
Q

Why are alkali metals not reacted with acid?

A

Reaction is too vigorous

33
Q

What is formed when a metal reacts with HCL?

A

Salt chlorides

34
Q

What is formed when a metal reacts with sulphuric acid?

A

Sulfate salts

35
Q

What is formed when a metal reacts with nitric acid?

A

Nitrate salts

36
Q

Complete the equation

Mg + H^2SO^4—>

A

MgSO^4 + H^2

37
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

ions that Do not change in the reaction

38
Q

Complete the half equation

Mg——>

A

Mg^2+ + 2e-

39
Q

If atoms lose electrons they have been…?

A

Oxidised

40
Q

If an atom gains electrons, they have been…?

A

Reduced

41
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Metal atoms donate electrons to hydrogen atoms displacing hydrogen as a gas and leaving metal ions the solution

42
Q

What are bases?

A

Compounds that can neutralise acids

43
Q

What happens when you react an acid with a base?

A

Salt and water is formed

44
Q

What are salts made up of?

A

Positive metal ions and a negative ion from an acid

45
Q

What charge are salts?

A

No charge

46
Q

What happens when an acid and alkali react?

A

Neutralise, creating a salt and water

47
Q

How do you collect a pure dry sample of salts?

A

Carry out the titration with the indicator to see how much acid reacts completely with the alkali

Run that volume of acid into the solution of alkali again, but without the indicator again
Then crystallise and dry out the crystals of salt from the reaction mixture

48
Q

What is the equation for acid and a carbonate?

A

Acid + a carbonate —> a salt + water + carbon dioxide

49
Q

Give an example of an aqueous solution?

A

Washing powder in a washing machine

50
Q

What are soluble hydroxides called?

A

Alkalis

51
Q

What ph is pure water?

A

Neutral 7

52
Q

What do all acids release when reacting with water?

A

Excess H+ ions

53
Q

What do alkalis produce when reacting with water?

A

Aqueous hydroxide solutions

54
Q

What makes a solution alkaline?

A

Excess aqueous hydroxide ions

55
Q

What is the sign for a hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

56
Q

What are indicators?

A

Substances that change colour when added to acid or alkalis

57
Q

What is the highest and lowest number on the PH scale?

A

0 and 14

58
Q

What happens when you dilute a strong acid?

A

Eventually becomes harmless

59
Q

What is the link between concentrated solutions and dilute solutions?

A

Concentrated solutions contain more of that solute than solutions of the same volume of a dilute solution

60
Q

Give examples of weak acids

A

Ethanoic acid - strong acid is HCL
Citric acid- strong acid is nitric acid
Carbonic acid- strong acid is sulfuric acid

61
Q

What are carboxylic acids?

A

Weak acids

62
Q

What makes a solution acidic?

A

H+ ions

63
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

The point in a reversible reaction at which the forward and backward rates of reaction are the same- this amounts remain constant

64
Q

What is the difference in PH value of strong and weak acids?

A

Weak acids have a higher PH

65
Q

What does decreasing the concentration of H+ ions mol/dm do to the PH level?

A

As the concentration per dm reduces by a factor of ten, the PH goes up by one

66
Q

As the concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of ten, what happens to the PH level?

A

Decreases by one unit

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

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