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GCSE Chemistry > Chapter C2 The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chapter C2 The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What did John Dalton strange the periodic table by?

A

Atomic weight

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2
Q

What does the group number tell you?

A

The number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

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3
Q

What did newlands recognise?

A

The properties of every eighth element were similar

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4
Q

What did Mendeleev do?

A

First correct periodic table, arranged by atomic weight and with regularly occurring patterns, with spaces

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5
Q

What is the difference between metals and non mental?

A

Metals conduct electricity, and are ductile and malleable

Non metals are insulators and are brittle

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6
Q

What are the noble gases?

A

Elements with a stable electronic structure of eight electrons in their outermost shell

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7
Q

What is the exception to the noble gases?

A

Helium

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8
Q

What happens to the boiling point as you go down the noble gases?

A

It gets higher

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9
Q

What is a group?

A

A vertical column in the periodic table

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10
Q

What is a period?

A

A horizontal row of the periodic table

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11
Q

What group is known as the alkali metals?

A

Group one

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12
Q

What group is known as the noble gases?

A

Group eight

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13
Q

Name properties of group one

A

Very reactive (have to be stored in oil) as there is only one electron
Reactivity increases as you go down the group
Have a low density compared to other metals
Very soft
Silvery, shiny surface - this fills quickly as a layer of oxide forms
Form a metal ion with a +1 charge

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14
Q

What is the melting and boiling points like for group 1?

A

Relatively low temperatures for metals

As you go down the group it gets lower

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15
Q

What happens if you react group one with water?

A

Fizzes to form hydrogen gas

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16
Q

What happens if you put potassium in water?

A

Ignites- burns with a lilac flame

17
Q

Why are group one called the alkali metals?

A

When reacting with water, they form a hydroxide

This hydroxide is soluble in water, and turns purple if it’s ph is tested

18
Q

How do alkali metals react with non metals?

A

React vigorously- producing metal chlorides which are white solids

19
Q

What happens when you put a metal chloride formed from group one and a non metal in water?

A

It dissolves to form a colourless solution

20
Q

What is group seven known as?

A

The halogens

21
Q

What are properties of group seven?

A

Low boiling and melting points which increase as you go down
Poor conductors of heat or electricity
Get less reactive as you go down the group

22
Q

What charge do the group seven elements form?

A

-1

23
Q

What charge do the group one elements form?

A

+1

24
Q

What is the rule with halogens?

A

The more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive halogen from solutions of its salts

25
Q

What displaces all other halogens?

A

Fluorine

26
Q

What effects does the number of shells occupied by electrons have?

A

Larger atom lose electrons more easily going down a group

Or

Larger atoms lose electrons less easily going down a group

27
Q

Why does more electron shells affect the atom?

A

The outer electrons are further away from the positively charged nucleus
The inner shells screen or shield the nucleus

28
Q

Why is the reactivity trend as it is in group one?

A

The outer electron is shielded from the nucleus by the other shells
The outer electron is further away from the nucleus

Therefore the outer electron is more easily removed as you go down the group and so gets more reactive

29
Q

What are the properties of the transition metals?

A 
Good conductors 
Hard and strong 
High densities 
High melting points 
Shiny 
Conducts
30
Q

Can the transition elements be used as catalysts?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is different about the transition metals to other groups?

A

Can create ions with different charges

32
Q

What kind of compounds do transition elements form?

A

Coloured compounds

33
Q

Name examples of coloured compounds

A

Iron oxide- red
Manganese chloride- pink
Chromium chloride- purple

34
Q

Uses of transition metals

A

Jewellery
Wires
Saucepans

35
Q

Colours of transition metals

A

Copper- blue
Iron 2- light green
Iron 3- orange brown
Cobalt- blue

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

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