Chapter A (The Research Process and Data Collection) Flashcards
A set of activities in which social scientists engage to answer questions; examine ideas; or test theories
Research Process
a research based on evidence that can be
verified by using direct experience
Empirical Research
A designed research that provides
information needed to solve a research
problem
Statistical Inquiry
Six Steps in Statistical Inquiry
Steps (IPCEAP - IPsCdEdArPr)
1. Identify the problem and state the
hypothesis
2. Plan the study
3. Collect the data
4. Explore the data
5. Analyze and interpret the results
6. Present the results
A designed research that provides
information needed to solve a research
problem
Statistical Inquiry
a processed data
Information
Five Methods of Data Collection
OEURS
Observation
Experimentation
Use of Documented Data
Registration
Survey
- The data are obtained by recording or
watching the behavior of an individual or a
phenomenon at the time of occurrence - This is used to gather nonverbal behavior in a natural setting
Observation
- There is direct human intervention in the
conditions that may affect the values of the variable of interest - The goal of an experiment is to isolate the effect(s) of a treatment or intervention on the variable of interest
Experimentation
Researchers can use documented data from previous studies of individuals or private, government, and non-government agencies
Use of Documented Data
Enumeration and recording of vital statistics
Registration
- The data are obtained from individuals either by verbal or written communication
- Obtains information, either through:
personal interviews, self-administered
questionnaires, telephone interviews, mailed questionnaires, online surveys, or focused group discussions
Survey
Two Kinds of Data Collected
Primary and Secondary
data that were acquired directly from the source
Primary
data that were not acquired directly from the source
Secondary
Six Methods for Conducting A Survey
- Personal Interview
- Telephone Interview
- Self-administered Questionnaires
- Online Survey
- Mailed Questionnaire
- FGD
PTSOMF
interviewers personally ask the questions to the respondents and record the answers of the respondents on the questionnaire (and its two types)
Personal Interview
▧ PAPI – pencil and paper interview
▧ CAPI – computer assisted personal
interview
the interviewers ask the questions to the
respondents through the telephone
Telephone Interview
the respondents fill up the
questionnaires themselves without
any assistance from an interviewer
Self-administered Questionnaires
the respondent reads the questions
and sends his responses via the
internet or electronic mail (e-mail)
Online Surveys
a set of questions mailed to the
respondent
Mailed Questionnaire
a moderator follows a focus group discussion guide to direct a freewheeling discussion among a small group of people
Focus Group Discussion
