Chapter 9 - Weight Management: Over, Underweight & Obesity

Question 1

hyperplasia of fat cells

Answer 1

increase in number of cells

Question 2

hypertrophy of fat cells

Answer 2

increase in size of cells

Question 3

what is lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?

Answer 3

• a major determinant in the development of obesity
• removes triglycerides from the blood for storage in adipose tissue & muscle cells
• LPL activity is much higher in obese people than in lean people

Question 4

what is hormone-sensitive lipase?

Answer 4

allows you to take fat from tissue & use it as energy

Question 5

what’s the difference between leptin & ghrelin?

Answer 5

leptin - secreted by adipose tissue; acts as a hormone, primarily in the hypothalamus
- tells body to “increase activity, decrease eating”

ghrelin - secreted in stomach; enhances appetite & decreases energy expenditure
- triggers the desire to eat

Question 6

white adipose tissue

Answer 6

stores fat for other cells to use for energy

Question 7

brown adipose tissue

Answer 7

releases store energy as heat, instead of as ATP

- masses of specialized fat cells packed with pigmented mitochondria that produce heat instead of ATP.

Question 8

What is meant by uncoupling protein?

How does it produce heat?

Answer 8

• this protein is present in brown adipose tissue
• allows the fat to dissipate energy as heat vs storing as fat
  = animals with abundant amounts resist weight gain
• newborns have a lot