Chapter 9: Weathering, Karst Landscapes, & Mass Movement

Question 1

Geomorphology

Answer 1

A subfield in which there is an investigation of the origin, evolution, and distribution of surface land forms.

Question 2

Orogenesis

Answer 2

Plate tectonics, earthquakes, folding, faulting, volcanoes. The creation of new landforms new mountains in particular.

Question 3

Denudation

Answer 3

A process where you have these landforms that are worn away and rearranged. Weathering and erosion

Question 4

Weathering

Answer 4

A process where you have the breakdown of rocks just below the surface. Only the break up of rock not the transportation.

Question 5

Mass Movement

Answer 5

The movement of surface materials Like soil, rocks, vegetation. Material that has been weathered that has been broken up into smaller pieces and then can be transported to a different location

Question 6

Erosion

Answer 6

The transportation of materials to different locations, materials that have been weathered and transported elsewhere. Transported via different mediums like through the water, ocean, stream systems, frozen water, wind,

Question 7

Slope

Answer 7

Any sort of incline or angled surface. The steepness of an inclined surface,

Question 8

Angle of Repose

Answer 8

The maximum incline at which sediments on a slope can remain at rest before gravity begins to pull them down slope. The highest angle at which material is going to stay in place on a slope. Usually between 33 and 37 degrees.

Question 9

Stable slope

Answer 9

A situation where the strength of the slope is going to exceed the force of gravity, lower likeyhood of mass movement

Question 10

Unstable slope

Answer 10

A situation where the strength of the slope does not exceed the force of gravity, could be an indication of some sort of failure like a rock slide or and landslide type thing.

Question 11

Bedrock

Answer 11

The parent rock from which Regolith and soil develop, rock that is weathered into smaller pieces.

Question 12

Regolith

Answer 12

An unconsolidated in the snice that it is not in destink layers, its all mixed up together, it is on top of or covering bedrock.

Question 13

Physical Weathering or Mechanical Weathering: Frost Action

Answer 13

When water freezes it expands, especially in colder climates where you have regular freeze and thaw cycles sometimes on a daily basis or a longer period of time, water gets in between parts of the rock cracks within the rock and then freezes nd expands and contracts and breaks part of the rock.

Question 14

Salt Crystal Growth- Crystallization

Answer 14

Most common in arid environments and drier areas, you have what’s known as crystallization occur the moisture inside of a rock in particular something like sandstone where there are a lot of tiny air gaps and water will go down there evoate and leave behind salt crytsals

Question 15

Salt Crystal Growth/Salt Weathering

Answer 15

As slt crystals grow going to get bigger in size and going to exert enough force that they’ll start to break apart the individual grains in the rock.

Question 16

Pressure Release Jointing

Answer 16

A type of weathering that is going to be associated with granite plutons. granite plutons make it to the surface maby though up lift or the mtieral that was on top of the granit pluton eroded away.

Question 17

Plutons

Answer 17

Large granite formations that are formed and cooled below the surface.

Question 18

Granite

Answer 18

Intrusive igneous rock.

Question 19

Bathoillth

Answer 19

A bunch of plutons that have merged together.

Question 20

Exfoliation Process

Answer 20

The process in which you have these layers of rock that basically are falling off