Chapter 13

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The number of different species found across the surface of the earth.

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

Extends from below the ocean floor to about 5 miles above the surface.

Question 3

You tend to find the greatest amount of biodiversity in

Answer 3

places like tropical rainforest environments, low latitude warm, and wet environments.

Question 4

E

Answer 4

polar environments

Question 5

Ecology

Answer 5

The study of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

Question 6

Biogeography

Answer 6

Specifically looking at the distribution of plant and animal species through space and time.

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

A self-sustaining association of living plants and animals and their nonliving physical environment

Question 8

Ecology

Answer 8

Is the study of ecosystems

Question 9

Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

Answer 9

The actual organisms that are located within that particular ecosystem.

Question 10

Abiotic Components of an Ecosystem

Answer 10

Things that are not alive like temperature, precipitation, amount of solar energy.

Question 11

Photosynthesis

Answer 11

sun comes in and has a chemical reaction where the sun energy is translated into carbohydrates that can feed the plants.

Question 12

Communities

Answer 12

A interacting population of plants and animals within a particular place.

Question 13

Habitat

Answer 13

A location that fits the needs of that particular species and fits the needs in terms of both biopic and a biotech elements

Question 14

Adaptation

Answer 14

traits that are present that are possessed by organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce in their environment.

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

A process through which organisms best adapted to a particular environment to survive.

Question 16

Niche Concept

Answer 16

The job of a particular organism, the niche is based on the biological needs and the physical needs; there is never two species that have the the same niche.

Question 17

Symbiosis

Answer 17

Two species are associated in such a way that association may benefit at least one of them.

Question 18

Mutualism

Answer 18

In symbiosis where each participant in the relationship benefits from that relationship. Example: Fungus and Algae where fungus make up the habitat and the algae provide the food.

Question 19

Parasitism

Answer 19

In symbiosis where one species benefits from the relationship but the other species is harmed. Example: Mistletoe benefits but the tree is harmed.

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

In symbiosis where one species benefits and the other species is not harmed or helped. Example: Orchid on trees or Epiphytic plants the tree is not harmed but the plant benefits by having a place to live.

Question 21

Abiotic Influences on Distribution

Answer 21

Example: Poinsettias require at least 2 months of 14 hour nights because of that no poinsettias would live in a low latitude equatorial environment.

Question 22

Life-Zone Concept or Altitudinal Zonation System

Answer 22

Changes in latitude are going to be mimicked by changes in elevation, so there is a relationship between moving to higher latitudes and moving to a higher elevation. developed in probably late 1800s by Alexander Van Humboldt

Question 23

Limiting Factors

Answer 23

Some sort of physical, chemical, or biological factor that can determine where a particular species is located as well as how large that species population is. Example: Precipitation, Temperature, Amount of Light, Soil Nutrients

Question 24

Tolerance Range

Answer 24

One critical limiting factor that determines the size and the distribution of a particular species

Question 25

Ecological Disurbance

Answer 25

A temporary event that is going to disrupt the ecosystem. Natural Examples: Wind storms, tornadoes, ice storms, flooding, wildfires, volcanic eruption. Human-based examples: logging, overgrazing a pasture land.

Question 26

Ecological Succession

Answer 26

A process in which a location that’s been impacted by disturbance is going to undergo changes in its species composition.

Question 27

Terrestrial Succession Type 1: Primary Succession

Answer 27

Occurs in the aftermath of farley calamitous disturbances. Example: the aftermath of a volcanic eruption.

Question 28

Pioneer Community

Answer 28

is formed with primary succession and is going to consist of organisms that are specifically adapted to colonizing land that doesn’t have soil. Example: Ferns and likin

Question 29

Terrestrial Succession Type 2: Secondary Succession

Answer 29

Is going to occur when you have soil that is present and even some parts of the community may still be present as well. Example: Forested area and a tornado passes through it.

Question 30

Climax Community

Answer 30

A situation where you had these communities that would pass though series of succession chain stages

Question 31

Patch Dynamics

Answer 31

you have an area across an ecosystem you have these almost constant disruptions that are interrupting this succession process.

Question 32

Conservation Biogeography

Answer 32

A field of study where these different biogeographic tools can be used to solve problems in biodiversity conservation. Example: Study the impacts of rapid climate change on biodiversity, Study and understand the distribution and effects of invasive species, plan the Establishment and management of protected areas.

Question 33

Exotic Invasive Species

Answer 33

Plants or animal species that are nonnative to a particular location. So exotic in the sense that they are not native to a location invasive in the sense that they have basically invaded a new location, they will frequently take over the niche of species that are Native species that are already in that location. They don’t usually have any natural predators in the new location. Example: Kudzu, Alaska Lupine

Question 34

Earth’s Terrestrial Biomes: Tropical Rain Forest

Answer 34

Warm year-round consistently, great mount of isolation, high insulation, plentiful precipitation located near the equator.