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Biology Module 3 > Chapter 9 - Transport in plants > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Transport in plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do plants not need a specialised exchange system for gases

A
  • Low metabolic rate
  • Large SA:vol ratio of leaves where gas exchange happens
  • There are air spaces between all cells in plants so air can diffuse quickly
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2
Q

Why do plants need a transport system

A
  • So that cells deep within plants tissues can receive nutrients needed for cell processes
  • The roots cannot obtain sugar and leaves cannot obtain water
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3
Q

What is the transport system in plants called

A

Vascular tissue

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4
Q

What does the xylem transport

A

Water and soluble materials

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5
Q

What does the phloem transport

A

Sugars

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6
Q

What is mass flow

A

When everything in the cell travels in the same direction

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7
Q

What are xylem and phloem found together in

A

Vascular bundles

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8
Q

As well as xylem and phloem, what else can be found in vascular bundles

A

Sieve-tube elements, Companion cells and vessel elements

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of vascular bundles in the roots

A
  • Vascular bundle is found in the centre
  • It has a large central core of Xylem (normally in an X shape)
  • Surrounded by a ring of cells called the endodermis which contains a casperian strip made of suberin
  • Just inside the endodermis is the pericycle which contains meristem cells that can divide for growth
  • All surrounded by a large cortex area
  • Outside is covered with root hair cells
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10
Q

Why is this central arrangement beneficial to the root

A

Provides strength to help withstand the pulling forces to which the roots are exposed

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11
Q

Why are all of the characteristics beneficial for the root

A
  • Gives it a larger SA
  • Has a lower water potential than the soil
  • Carrier molecules in cell membranes for absorption of ions
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of vascular bundles in the stem

A
  • Vascular bundles are found near the outer edge of the stem
  • The xylem is found towards the inside of each vascular bundle with the phloem on the outside
  • In between each xylem and phloem is a layer of cambium
  • The cambium is a layer of meristem cells that can divide to make a new xylem and phloem
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13
Q

What are the benefits of the arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem

A

Having them around the edge gives strength and support

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the vascular bundles in the leaves

A
  • The xylem is on top of the phloem
  • The vascular bundles form the midrib and the vein like structures in the leaves
  • It has a bundle sheath cell surrounding the xylem and phloem
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15
Q

What is different in dicotyledon leaves as opposed to others

A

It has a branching structure of veins that get smaller as they branch away form the midrib

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16
Q

What is the xylem made up of

A

Dead cells

17
Q

What is the phloem made up of

A

Living cells

18
Q

Is the cell wall in xylem thin or thick

A

Thick

19
Q

Is the cell wall of the phloem thin or thick

A

Thin

20
Q

What is the xylem cell wall made up of

A

Lignin

21
Q

What is the phloem cell wall made up of

A

Cellulose

22
Q

Are the xylem cell walls permeable or inpermeable

A

Impermeable

23
Q

Are the phloem cell walls permeable or impermeable

A

Permeable

24
Q

Does the Xylem have cross walls

A

No, cross walls are absent

25
Q

Does the phloem have cross walls

A

Yes, it has perforated cross walls

26
Q

Does the xylem contain a cytoplasm

A

It has no cytoplasm

27
Q

Does the phloem contain a cytoplasm

A

Yes, the cells are lined with cytoplasm strands

28
Q

What does the xylem transport

A

Water and minerals

29
Q

What does the phloem transport

A

Foods

30
Q

What is the function of the xylem

A

To transport water and minerals to the leaves

31
Q

What is the function of the phloem

A

To transport food to the growing parts of the plant

32
Q

What direction is the flow of the xylem

A

Upwards

33
Q

What direction is the flow of the phloem

A

Up and down

34
Q

What is also contained in the tissue of the xylem

A

Fibres

35
Q

What is also contained in the tissue of the phloem

A

Companion cells

Biology Module 3 (3 decks)

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