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Biology Module 3 > Chapter 8 - Transport in animals > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Transport in animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the reasons for needing a specialised transport system

A
  • high metabolic demands
  • small SA:V ratio
  • large diffusion distance
  • molecules often made in one place and needed in another
  • food digested in one organ system but needs to be transported for respiration
  • wasted products need to be removed
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2
Q

What are common features of most circulatory systems

A
  • liquid transport medium
  • vessels to carry the transport medium
  • have a pumping mechanism to move the fluid around the system
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3
Q

What are the two main types of circulatory systems

A

Open and closed systems

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4
Q

What are the features of an open circulatory system

A

Very few vessels to contain the transport medium
Pumped straight from heart to the haemocoel
Transport fluid comes into direct contact with tissues and the cells

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5
Q

In what type of animals are open circulatory systems most commonly found

A

Invertebrates

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6
Q

What is a common example of an animal with an open circulatory system

A

Insects

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7
Q

What is insects version of blood called

A

Haemolymph

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8
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place in insects

A

In the trachea

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9
Q

What does the haemolymph in insects transport

A

Food and nitrogenous waste products

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10
Q

What are the features of a closed circulatory system

A

The blood is enclosed in blood vessels
The blood does not come into direct contact with the cells of the body
The heat pumps blood around the body under pressure
Blood returns to the heart

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11
Q

How do substances leave the blood vessels

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

How can the amount of blood flowing to a particular tissue be adjusted

A

The widening or narrowing of blood vessels (vasodilation or vasoconstriction)

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13
Q

In what type of animals would you find a closed circulatory system

A

Vertebrates

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14
Q

What is a single closed circulatory system

A

When blood travels through the heart once per full circulation

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15
Q

How many sets of capillaries does blood pass through in a single circulatory system

A

Two

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16
Q

What happens in the first set of capillaries in a single circulatory system

A

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

17
Q

What happens at the second set of capillaries in a single circulatory system

A

Substances exchanged between blood and the cells

18
Q

Why is a single circulatory system generally inefficient

A

Blood returns to the heart slowly as blood pressure drops when passing through the narrow capillaries

19
Q

Will the metabolic rate of single circulatory system animals tend to be high or low

A

Low

20
Q

What is the exception to inefficient single circulatory systems

A

Fish

21
Q

How do fish have a more efficient single circulatory system

A

Countercurrent exchange at the gills
Don’t support their own weight
Don’t have to maintain their own body temperature

22
Q

What is a double circulatory system

A

When blood passes through the heart twice per circulation

23
Q

What are the two parts to the circulations of a double circulatory system

A

Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and unloads CO2
Blood is pumped from the heart to the body where oxygen is used and CO2 is gained before it returns to the heart

24
Q

What are the 3 main components of blood vessels

A

Elastin fibres
Smooth muscle
Collagen

25
Q

What is the role of elastin fibres

A

Stretch and recoil providing vessel walls with flexibility

26
Q

What is the role of smooth muscle

A

To contract or relax changing the size of the lumen

27
Q

What is the role of collagen

A

To provide structural support to the vessel to maintain its shape and volume

28
Q

What is the role of arteries

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

29
Q

What is the exceptional artery that carries deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

30
Q

What are the layers of an artery from inside to outside

A

Lumen - endothelium - elastic layer - muscle layer - tough outer collagen layer

31
Q

Why do arteries need elastic fibres

A

To withstand the large force of the blood pumping out of the heart

32
Q

What is the role of the endothelium

A

To act as a smooth lining so blood can easily flow over it

33
Q

What is the role of arterioles

A

To link the arteries to the capillaries

Biology Module 3 (3 decks)

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