Chapter 9 - The Republican Years: Jefferson, Madison, and the War of 1812, 1800-1815

Question 1

What largely contributed to Jefferson’s victory in the 1800 election?

Answer 1

The Three-Fifths Compromise. It inflated the population of the Southern States that voted Democratic-Republican.

Question 2

Who tied Thomas Jefferson in the 1800 election?

Answer 2

Aaron Burr.

Question 3

What did Adams do in the last days of his tenure as the President?

Answer 3

Passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which packed the Court with Federalist judges.

Question 4

Why was the transition between Adams and Jefferson largely uneventful?

Answer 4

Jefferson focused not on retaliating against Adams or further fanning the flames of the election but rather focused on reuniting the country.

Question 5

What did Jefferson do while he was in control?

Answer 5

Downsized the federal government and downsized the liberty.

Question 6

Why was Jefferson’s downsizing of the military problematic?

Answer 6

It left the U.S. unable to defend its commercial vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 7

What did Jefferson so that violated his principles?

Answer 7

Accepted the Lousiana Purchas and refuse to turn over documents in the Aaron Burr Treason Trial.

Question 8

What was the Virgina Dynasty and what did it do to the political system? What is this era called?

Answer 8

It was the period of 4 straight Republican, VA, Presidents who ruled and basically destroyed the federalist party eliminating inter-party division. That’s why some called it the Era of Good Feelings.

Question 9

What did the New England Federalists Consider doing when the Republicans started gaining power?

Answer 9

Considering secession from the Union. Especially present in the Essex Junto.

Question 10

What did the dispute over secession eventually lead to?

Answer 10

Alexander Hamilton’s death at the hands of Aaron Burr.

Question 11

What was the greatest accomplishment of the Jefferson Presidency?

Answer 11

The Lousiana Purchase.

Question 12

How much did the Lousiana purchase cost in 1803 dollars and modern dollars?

Answer 12

$15 Million and $235 Million respectively.

Question 13

Why was the Lousiana Purchase a problem for Jefferson’s political beliefs?

Answer 13

Jefferson was a strict constructionist and the Constitution did not grant him explicit authority to do so.

Question 14

What did Jefferson do with the quasi-citizens living in the Lousiana Purchase Area?

Answer 14

Jefferson allowed the French to operate on French civil law instead of wiping them out.

Question 15

What did Jefferson do after purchasing Lousiana Territory in order to help America Grow?

Answer 15

Lowered prices and sizes of land sold in the Territory, relaxed credit restrictions, financed expeditions, and Publicly encouraged settlers to move Westward.

Question 16

What territory did Lewis and Clark Technically Claim for America per the European rules of Exploration?

Answer 16

Oregon Country (The Northwest Corner of the United States)

Question 17

How did Jefferson combat the Barbary Pirates?

Answer 17

1) Authorized the Navy to Destroy Barbary Vessels.
2) Authorized Invasions of Tripoli.
3) NEVER SOUGHT A DECLARATION OF WAR

Question 18

Describe the Burr Conspiracy.

Answer 18

Burr tried to create for himself an independent empire in the Louisiana territory with James Wilkinson. Got Spanish help. But he wasn’t convicted of treason because Marshall wanted to basically spit in the republicans eyes.

Question 19

Why did the early anti-slavery movement die in the 1790s?

Answer 19

1) The Cotton Gin, invented by Eli Whitney, transformed the Southern Economy. Created a new incentive to enslave African Americans because of $$$$.
2) Southerners began thinking about rights in the concrete sense and thought being denied the right to own something, aka slaves, was an assault on their right to property.
3) Southerners Began Thinking the Negros possessed deficiencies as a race. Genetic not environmentally caused.
4) Southern Churches started finding theological reasons to justify slavery and did not oppose it.
5) Two International events, The Largest Slave Revolt Since Spartacus Occurred in Haiti and the French Revolution Guillotine, Cooled the Need For Reform in America (Enlightenment Gone Wild)

Question 20

What were the three main differences in national character between Europe and America?

Answer 20

1) America Had Extraordinary economic opportunity that provided independence from having to rely on the upper classes to provide as was the case in Europe.
2) America had a level of social equality where all people were equal from birth and could advance based upon achievement.
3) Pride of All People Not Be Relegated in a Lower Class and Assertive of Their Position.

Question 21

What was the cause of the War of 1812?

Answer 21

The Violation of Neutral Shipping Rights By Britain that America Claimed They had after shipping goods to both France and Britain while the two were at war. Britain seized U.S. goods and forced U.S. sailors into the British Navy if they thought U.S. sailors were British deserters which they sometimes were.

Question 22

How did Jefferson try and ultimately fail to stop a war with Britain?

Answer 22

By passing the Embargo Act which prohibited any American Ship from engaging in trade at any foreign port of a country that was at war.

Question 23

Why did the Embargo Act fail?

Answer 23

1) Created Severe Economic Hardship. Corn Prices fell by 33% and New England saw their commerce-heavy region collapse.
2) Had little effect on Britain. Britain just imported food from South America and impounding the sailors of ships trying to smuggle goods.

Question 24

What did France do that duped Madison?

Answer 24

They promised not to loot any more ships to have the embargo removed and then continued to loot ships anyways.

Question 25

Why did the U.S. declare war on Britain?

Answer 25

Cause Republicans loved France and Hated Britain. The War-Hawks Loved the idea of major defense expenditures that quadrupled the military.

Question 26

Which Region voted oddly against war?

Answer 26

The New England area. They were the most affected by the violation of neutral shipping rights but they opposed war.

Question 27

What was the War of 1812 in reality?

Answer 27

A second war for independence.

Question 28

Why did the Americans lose so much early?

Answer 28

1) Militias who opposed the war didn’t supply troops.
2) New England Smugglers Continued to Trade With Britain.
3) The English and Indians Were Unexpectedly strong.

Question 29

What caused the U.S. to face even worse defeats in 1814?

Answer 29

Napoleon lost the war in France allowing Britain to muster its full attention on the war in America. Britain marched to the Capitol and burned it all down.

Question 30

Why did the war end?

Answer 30

Britain got tired of fighting. Since Britain was at war with France there was no need to continue confiscating American goods on ships to France. Britain wanted to restore normal commerce relations with the United States.

Question 31

What Treaty ended the war of 1812?

Answer 31

The Treaty of Ghent.

Question 32

What were three consequences of the war of 1812?

Answer 32

1) U.S. would not be intimidated by the British.
2) Killed the Federalist Party. Federalists were going to threaten to secede but then arrived to patriotic flag waving over the end of the war.
3) Andrew Jackson’s political career took off and he became a war hero.

Question 33

List the Causes of the War of 1812.

Answer 33

1) U.S. insistence on neutral shipping rights in wartime. Three ship seizures a week.
2) British Impressment of U.S. soldiers, British Initiated Frontier Unrest, British violation of the Paris Peace Treaty, and a Widespread Sense of Humiliation.
3) Americans Wanted Canada.

Question 34

List the Assumptions the US made going into the war of 1812.

Answer 34

1) Britain will be preoccupied with war in Europe so it’ll be easy to defend North America.
2) Seizing Canada will be easy
3) The War will be won quickly.

Question 35

List the Conduct of the War.

Answer 35

1) U.S. had 20 ships and Britain had 600.
2) Britain fights the U.S. to a stalemate with a token force because of strong sectionalism in the military.
3) Britains wins the war in Europe and turns its full attention to the U.S in 1814.
4) Washington D.C. is captured and burned.
5) Britain is tired of fighting and offers a peace treaty.
6) Treaty of Ghent restores the status quo ante Bellum.
7) Jackson wins at New Orleans.

Question 36

List the Results of the War.

Answer 36

1) U.S. gains international respect and Britain complies with the Paris Treaty.
2) American Nationalism Grows.
3) Federalist Party dies out.
4) Andrew Jackson emerges as a national hero.