Chapter 8 - The Federalist Era: The Washington and Adams Years, 1788-1800.

Question 1

What did the pre-1792 Federalist Stand for?

Answer 1

Ratifying the Constitution.

Question 2

What did the post -1792 Federalist Stand for?

Answer 2

A political party favoring a strong central government.

Question 3

What were the seven problems facing the United States in the post-Constitution era?

Answer 3

1. The federal government could not pay its old debts. No stable financial system existed. Poor farmers rebelled in Shays Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion
2. American Shipping Was Constantly Under Threat By The Barbary Pirates, French, and British and American had to protect them.
3. Hamilton’s plan to create a sound financial system was heavily opposed by Jefferson because he saw it as a way for the federal government to increase its power. Hamilton’s plan included a national bank.
4. Excise taxes to raise money for the young government were opposed by the Democratic Republicans because they had a burden on the farmer and helped the businessman.
5. Federalists and Dem-Republicans Are In Vast Opposition and Try To Weaken One Another Through Legislation and Hold Up Government Action Because of Factional Disagreement.
6. The Federalists and Dem-Republicans Become Polarized Over Whether to Support French Revolution. This division caused the U.S. to alienate France by refusing to support them. We angered the U.S. when Jefferson got mad we didn’t aid France and refused to meet with British ambassadors in London. We ticked off two world powers.
7. The Dem-Republicans Doubt If The Republic Will Hold or Turn to Monarchy with the Hyper-federalist Marshall becoming Chief Justice and Hamilton’s hyper influence.

Question 4

What was the Chief accomplishment of the Washington Administration?

Answer 4

Hamilton’s Economic Program.

Question 5

What did Hamilton’s Economic Program Consist of?

Answer 5

1) The Federal Government Would Repay all AoC debt and take on all the State debt. Hamilton saw this as a way to get rid of the debt problem and start fresh with good credit. Hamilton paid off debt with internal taxes
2) The New Capitol Would Be in D.C.
3) A National Bank was Instituted to Handle U.S. monies and stabilize the national economy. Five members appointed by the federal government.
4) Protective Tariffs and Subsidies to encourage the growth of manufacturing in the United States.

Question 6

Why is Washington Ranked as Such A Good President?

Answer 6

1) All things he avoided. (Political Scandals, Embezzlement, Betrayal to the British, Establish an Independent State cough Burr cough, staged a military coup, or declared himself King and refused to leave office.
2) HE SURRENDERED HIS POWER #CINNCINATUS

Question 7

What path did the U.S. try to navigate in foreign policy?

Answer 7

Neutrality between Britain and France.

Question 8

What Founding Fathers advocated a pro-British policy?

Answer 8

Washington, Adams, and Hamilton

Question 9

What Founding Fathers advocated a pro-French Policy?

Answer 9

Jefferson and Madison.

Question 10

In what eight areas did Federalists and Democratic-Republicans disagree? Which side did each take?

Answer 10

1) Strict Constructionism (DR) v. Loose Constructionism (F)
2) Nation built on farmers (DR) v. Nation built on commerce and businessmen (F)
3) Government always as small as possible (DR) v. Willing to use government power to promote business and economic growth. (F)
4) Opposed to a national bank (DR) v. Wanted a National Bank (F)
5) Individual Rights Focus (DR) v. Common Good Focus (F)
6) Pro-French (DR) v. Pro-British (F)
7) Liberal and Idealistic (DR) v. Conservative and Pragmatic (F)
8) Jefferson, Madison, Henry, Monroe, Gallatin v. Washington, Adams, Hamilton, Jay, Marshall

Question 11

What was the Greatest Accomplishment of President John Adams?

Answer 11

Avoiding Getting the U.S. Caught in a European War.

Question 12

What Caused France to Get Ticked Off At The United States?

Answer 12

Cause the U.S. signed a treaty that protected U.S shipping with Britain. (John Jay)

Question 13

What did France do to illustrate their anger with the Americans?

Answer 13

The XYZ affair where France demanded money in order to actually meet with American diplomats.

Question 14

What were the causes of the Quasi-War?

Answer 14

1) The U.S.’s neutrality that was inherently pro-British. 2) The U.S.’s refusal to repay debts to the French because it was now a different government. 3) French attacks on U.S. ships and U.S. retaliation.

Question 15

What Department did the Quasi-War Create?

Answer 15

The Department of the Navy.

Question 16

What was the greatest casualty of the Quasi-War?

Answer 16

John Adams lol :P

Question 17

What Adams Administration Action Had the Most Lasting Impact?

Answer 17

Appointing John Marshall to be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Created Judicial Review and interpreted the Constitution in pro-business and pro-Commerce ways.

Question 18

What was the first act of the new Congress?

Answer 18

To ratify the Bill of Rights.

Question 19

Why did America have an advantage to survive the perilous Diplomatic world of the 1775-1815 Period?

Answer 19

They Had No Hostile Neighbors on Their Borders. An attack would suffer from slow communication and easily disruptable supply lines. It got “free security”.

Question 20

Did American Foreign Policy Choose an Idealistic or Realistic Path?

Answer 20

The Early government tried to walk a middle ground but leaned on the side of realism.

Question 21

Did America Seek To Export Their Government to Foreign states?

Answer 21

No. Stayed out of political revolutions but still thought their form of government was the best.

Question 22

What were the Three Main Points of George Washington’s Farewell Adress?

Answer 22

1) Americans Needed To Be Unified In Backing Their New Government #nomeansnofactions
2) Avoid Entangling Themselves In European Alliances But Treat Every nation justly.
3) Religion and Religion-Based Morality Must Prevail and Thrive in America to Preserve the Republic.

Question 23

Which Contentions Prevailed and Impacted American Policy Today?

Answer 23

The First and Third Did Not But The Second Was Taken To Far And Took on a Life of Its Own. Washington Advocated Unilateralism not isolationism.

Question 24

What are the six reasons Washington was probably the best president?

Answer 24

1. Washington made no major mistakes.
2. Washington possessed poise and dignity to prevent both sides from factionalizing.
3. He had a good judge of character and surrounded himself with intelligent men.
4. Washington Allayed Fears That Executive Would Become a Quasi-Monarchy
5. Washington Refused to Serve a Third Term.
6. Washington Suppressed His Personal Preferences to Pursue the Common Good