Chapter 9 - The ANS

Question 1

Effectors of Autonomic Neurons

Answer 1

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands

Question 2

TRUE/FALSE :

ANS has pre- and post- gangliac neurons

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Somatic motor neurons

Answer 3

Cell bodies in spinal cord

1 neuron traveling to effector

Question 4

Autonomic motor system

Answer 4

2 sets of neuron in PNS
1st has cell bodies in brain/spinal cord & synapses in autonomic ganglia
2nd has cell bodies in ganglion & synapses on effector

Question 5

Sympathetic

Answer 5

“Fight, flight, & stress”

Increase glucose secretion
Exhibit tonic activity

Question 6

Parasympathetic

Answer 6

“Rest & digest”

Produce opposite effects

Question 7

Sympathetic Division

Answer 7

Aka thoracollumbar division

It’s preglangionic neurons exit spinal cord from T1 to L2

Question 8

SD - most synapse on postganglionic neurons in the

Answer 8

Para Vertebral

Question 9

SD - para vertebral ganglia forms what chain of interconnected ganglia paralleling spinal cord

Answer 9

Sympathetic ganglionic chain

Question 10

Divergence

Answer 10

Preganglionic neuron may synapse with many postgangliac neurons s

Question 11

Convergence

Answer 11

Different preglangionic neurons may synapse on SINGLE postgangliac neuron

Question 12

Mass activation

Answer 12

Sympathetic act as a unit

Question 13

Some preglangionic do not synapse in para vertebral ganglion but go to outlying :

Answer 13

Collateral ganglion

Question 14

Adrenal medulla location

Answer 14

On top of kidney

Question 15

Collateral Ganglion

Answer 15

Secretary cells appear to be modified postganglionic neurons

Release 85% epinephrine, 15% norepinephrine into blood

In response to preglangionic stimulation

Stimulated during mass activation

Question 16

Epinephrine made by

Answer 16

Methylating norepinephrine

Question 17

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 17

Aka craniosacral division
preglangionics fibers Originate in brain
Pre fibers will Synapse in ganglia located next to organs innervated
Parasym gang (terminal ganglia) supply postgang fibers that synapse on effector

Question 18

PSD-

Long vagus nerve

Answer 18

Carries most parasympathetic fibers

Question 19

Vagus (wondering )

Answer 19

Innervate heart, lungs, stomach, liver, sm. intestine, upper half of lg intestine, esophagus, pancreas

Question 20

Preganglionic fibers 52-4 innervate

Answer 20

Innervate lower half of lg intestine, rectum, urinary, & reproductive system

Question 21

Both symp&parasym preganglionics release

Answer 21

ACh

Question 22

Parasympathetic post ganglionic release

Answer 22

ACh called cholinergic synapses

Question 23

Most sympathetic post ganglionics release

Answer 23

Norepinephrine called adrenergic synapses

And only a small # release ACh

Question 24

Post ganglionics have unusual synapses called

Answer 24

Varicosities

which releases NTs along a length of axon aka synapses en passant

Question 25

Adrenergic Stimulation causes

Answer 25

Both excitation and inhibits room depending on tissue

Question 26

2 major broad subtypes of Adrenergic Stimulation

Answer 26

Alpha & Beta adrenergic receptors | 4 possible receptors

Question 27

Drugs that PROMOTE actions of NT

Answer 27

Agonists

Question 28

Drugs that INHIBIT actions of NT

Answer 28

Antagonists

Question 29

T/F- | ACh is used at all motor neurons synapses on skeletal muscle, all preganglionics & parasym postganglionics

Answer 29

True

Question 30

2 cholinergic receptors

Answer 30

Nicotinic - simulated by nicotine, blocked by curane Muscarinic - muscarine, atropine

Question 31

Somatic neurons release ACh to STIMULATE skeletal muscles

Answer 31

Excitatory

Question 32

Postganglionic release ACh will mostly be

Answer 32

Excitatory, but sometimes inhibitory

Question 33

Protein channels open = inhibitory or excitation ? Closed?

Answer 33

Open= inhibitory Closed= excitation Both in muscarinic

Question 34

Most visceral organs receive

Answer 34

Dual innervation supplied by both symp & parasympathetic 2 branches often antagonistics Can be complementary or cooperative

Question 35

Organs without dual innervation (symp)

Answer 35

Regulation achieved by increasing or decreasing firing rate Eg adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands

Question 36

Controls activity of ANS in brain stem | Cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, reproductive, & digestive systems

Answer 36

Medulla oblongata

Question 37

Centers for control of body temperature, hunger, & thirst, & can regulate medulla

Answer 37

Hypothalamus

Question 38

Responsible for visceral responses that reflect emotional states (role in emotional drives: anger, hunger, sex, thirst, etc..)

Answer 38

Limbic system

Question 39

Directing info to hypothalamus might combine to medulla which will give response

Answer 39

Cerebral cortex & cerebellum

Question 40

Autonomic neurons

Answer 40

Innervate organs not under voluntary control Neurons are motor but there are sensory neurons from the viscera for control