chapter 9 skeletal system Flashcards
articulation
-def: joint site where two or more bones meet
-function connect bones together but provide mobility in skeleton
Anatomical/Structural classification of joints (based on connecting material)
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
Fibrous
bones joined by CT with no space
cartilaginous
bones joined by pad or bridge of cartilage
synovial
bones separated by fluid- filled cavity surrounded by CT
Physiological/functional classification of joints (based on amount of movement
- synarthrosis
- amphiarthrosis
- diarthrosis
synarthrosis
immovable joint( fibrous or cartilaginous)
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous)
diathrosis
freely moveable joint (always synovial)
increased mobility
decreased stability
Synarthroses ( immovable strength)
- synostosis
- suture
- Gomphosis
- synchondrosis
synostosis
fused bones
suture
interlocked bones, sealed with dense CT
Gomphosis
tooth in alveolar socket, held by periodontal ligaments
synchondrosis
hyaline cartilage bridge between bones
amphiathroses (slightly moveable, strength with some mobility)
- Syndesmosis
- Symphysis
syndesmosis
bones connected by ligament
ligament
band of dense regular CT
symphysis
bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage
joint injuries
-sprain
-bursitis
sprain
damage to ligament, some collagen torn, slow to heal
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa due to trauma, infection or repetitive motion
synovial joints stabilized by articular capsule and accessory structures to restrict mobility
Increased mobility= decreased stability=increased chance of dislocation (luxation)
luxation
dislocation; joint displacement,
usually damages cartilage, ligaments,
and capsule, pain receptors in all CT of the
joint, except articular cartilage, to
prevent actions
subluxation
partial dislocation;
displacement beyond usual anatomical
limitation, “double jointed
Movements at synovial joints
- linear movemets
- angular movements
- rotational movements
linear movements
-gliding