Chapter 1 Intro to A&P

Question 1

Common Characteristics Of Living Things

Answer 1

1. Organization: Pattern that differs from environment, involves regulation of internal conditions.
2. Responsiveness: (Irritability), responding to changes in environment.
   Adaptation=long term response.
3. Growth and Differentiation
   Growth= increase in size/cell number
   Differentiation= specialization of cells to perform particular functions
4. Reproduction
5. Movement
   Internal - Transport substances in body
   External- Move around environment
6. Metabolism and Excretion
   Metabolism = all chemical processes in the body (building and breaking molecules)

Question 2

Form Follows Function

Answer 2

the shape of a structure is related to its use

Question 3

Anatomy

Answer 3

study of internal and external structures of body and their relationships to each other. “Form”

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

study of tissues

Question 5

Cytology

Answer 5

study of cells

Question 6

Gross Anatomy

Answer 6

macroscopic see by eye

Question 7

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 7

cell and molecule level need microscope

Question 8

Physiology

Answer 8

Study of how organism perform functions: (“Functions”)

Question 9

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Answer 9

the study of the form and function of the human body

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

unchanging sameness the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, essential to life

Question 11

Homeostatic Regulation (keeping within set limits)

Answer 11

1. Autoregulation (Intrinsic Regulation)
2. Extrinsic Regulation
   -Nervous system
   -Endocrine system

Question 12

Homeostatic Regulation Mechanism

Answer 12

1. Receptor
2. Control/Integration Center
3. Effector

Question 13

Negative Feedback

Answer 13

-oscillations around a set point
-effector activated by contorl center opposes stimulus
-most common homeostatic regulation
e.g. body temperature:
too hot, sweat to cool too cold, shiver to heat

Question 14

Positive Feedback

Answer 14

-effectors respond by exaggerating or enhancing the stimulus
-typically used to deal with threat or stress
e.g. blood clotting: clotting causes more
clotting until wound is plugged
-birth: contractions promote more
contractions until delivery

Question 15

Autoregulation (Intrinsic Regulation)

Answer 15

activities of a cell/tissue/organ/system adjust automatically in response to environmental change

Question 16

Extrinsic Regulation

Answer 16

results from activities of nervous or endocrine systems

Question 17

Endocrine System

Answer 17

works through hormones, slow to act but long lasting effects

Question 18

Nervous System

Answer 18

directs rapid, short term, specific responses

Question 19

Receptor

Answer 19

sensor that detects stimulus (change)

Question 20

Control/Integration Center

Answer 20

receives and processes info from receptor

Question 21

Effector

Answer 21

cell/organ that responds to direction from control center to oppose or enhance the stimulus