Chapter 9 Review

Question 1

What parts of a molecule define the shape and size of the molecule?

Answer 1

The bond angles and bond lengths

Question 2

What determines the properties of a substance?

Answer 2

The shape of the molecule, the size of the molecule, the strength of its bonds, and the polarity of the bonds

Question 3

Electron domains are . . .

Answer 3

regions where electrons are likely to be found around an atom

Question 4

What is considered as ONE electron domain?

Answer 4

a single bond, a double bond, a triple bond, and a lone pair

Question 5

The BEST arrangement of a given number of electron domains is the one that . . .

Answer 5

minimizes the repulsions among them

Question 6

Molecular Geometry is . . .

Answer 6

the arrangement of only the bonded atoms in a molecule or ion

Question 7

Molecular Geometry describes . . .

Answer 7

the shape of only those electron domains that contain bonding electrons

Question 8

Determine Molecular Geometry by . . .

Answer 8

counting the number of bonding domains

Question 9

2 electron domains, 0 nonbonding domains

Answer 9

linear

Question 10

3 electron domains, 0 nonbonding domains

Answer 10

Trigonal Planar

Question 11

3 electron domains, 1 nonbonding domain

Answer 11

Bent

Question 12

4 electron domains, 0 nonbonding domains

Answer 12

Tetrahedral

Question 13

4 electron domains, 1 nonbonding domain

Answer 13

Trigonal Pyramidal

Question 14

4 electron domains, 2 nonbonding domains

Answer 14

Bent

Question 15

5 electron domains, 0 nonbinding domains

Answer 15

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Question 16

5 electron domains, 1 nonbonding domain

Answer 16

Seesaw

Question 17

5 electron domains, 2 nonbonding domains

Answer 17

T-Shaped

Question 18

5 electron domains, 3 nonbonding domains

Answer 18

Linear

Question 19

6 electron domains, 0 nonbonding domains

Answer 19

Octahedral

Question 20

6 electron domains, 1 nonbinding domain

Answer 20

Square Pyramidal

Question 21

6 electron domains, 2 nonbonding domains

Answer 21

Square Planar

Question 22

Nonbonding electron pairs are . . . than bonding pairs

Answer 22

physically larger

Question 23

Because nonbonding electron pairs are physically larger than bonding pairs, they . . .

Answer 23

have greater repulsions

Question 24

Nonbonding pairs tend to . . .

Answer 24

decrease angles in a molecule

Question 25

Double and triple bonds place . . . than do single bonds

Answer 25

greater electron density on one side of the central atom

Question 26

Linear EDG molecules have a predicted angle of . . .

Answer 26

180 degrees

Question 27

Trigonal Planar EDG molecules have a predicted angle of . . .

Answer 27

120 degrees

Question 28

Tetrahedral EDG molecules have a predicted angle of . . .

Answer 28

109.5 degrees

Question 29

Trigonal Bipyramidal EDG molecules have a predicted angle of . . .

Answer 29

90 degrees (from vertical bonds to horizontal bonds) and 120 degrees (between horizontal bonds)

Question 30

In a Trigonal Bypyramidal EDG, lone electron pairs prefer to be in . . .

Answer 30

equatorial positions rather than axial positions

Question 31

Octahedral EDG molecules have a predicted angle of . . .

Answer 31

90 degrees and (between lone electron pairs) 180 degrees

Question 32

In Octahedral EDG molecules, lone electron pairs are placed . . .

Answer 32

opposite of each other

Question 33

In larger molecules, there is more than one . . .

Answer 33

central atom

Question 34

If electrons are shared unequally, bonds become . . .

Answer 34

polar

Question 35

A molecule is polar (or nonpolar) depending on whether or not . . .

Answer 35

the dipoles "combine" or "cancel each other"

Question 36

To determine if a molecule is polar or not, you must consider these two things

Answer 36

1. the polarity of each bond 2. Geometry of the molecule

Question 37

Polar molecules result from . . .

Answer 37

a distribution of charge from polar bonds that is not symmetrical

Question 38

The dipoles of polar molecules . . .

Answer 38

combine

Question 39

The dipoles of nonpolar molecules . . .

Answer 39

cancel each other

Question 40

First step to determine molecule polarity

Answer 40

Draw Lewis structure

Question 41

Second step to determine molecule polarity

Answer 41

Determine if the bonds are polar or nonpolar

Question 42

Third step to determine molecule polarity

Answer 42

Identify EDG

Question 43

Fourth step to determine molecule polarity

Answer 43

Identify MG

Question 44

Final step to determine molecule polarity

Answer 44

Determine if there is an asymmetry to the molecule

Question 45

Valence Bond (VB) Theory assumes . . .

Answer 45

a covalent bond is formed between two atoms by the overlap of half-filled valence atomic orbitals

Question 46

When atomic orbitals mix to form new orbitals, what are these orbitals called?

Answer 46

Hybrid orbitals

Question 47

Hybrid orbitals are degenerate. In other words, they are . . .

Answer 47

equivalent in energy

Question 48

The number of hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of . . .

Answer 48

atomic orbitals

Question 49

An atomic s + p orbital results in . . .

Answer 49

2 sp hybrid orbitals

Question 50

An atomic s + p + p orbital results in . . .

Answer 50

3 sp^2 hybrid orbitals

Question 51

An atomic s + p + p + p orbital results in . . .

Answer 51

4 sp^3 hybrid orbitals

Question 52

The number of hybrid orbitals is . . . the number of electron domains around a central atom

Answer 52

equal to