chapter 9 - respiration Flashcards
what is cellular respiration?
an exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in the mitochondria of living cells to release energy from glucose
what do organisms need energy for?
- chemical reactions to build larger molecules
- muscle contraction for movement
- keeping warm
what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic uses oxygen
anaerobic does not
word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose -> lactic acid
word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
glucose -> lactic acid + energy
balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) -> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O
why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic?
oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
fermentation
word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
how does the body supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?
- heart rate
- breathing rate
- breath volume increase
what substance builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
what happens to the muscles during long periods of activity?
muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
what is oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
how is lactic acid removed from the body?
lactic acid in muscles -> blood transports to the liver -> lactic acid converted back to glucose
