Chapter 9: Reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
Period of rapid Changes
A
Puberty
2
Q
Another name for sex cells
A
gametes
3
Q
Consists of skin
A
Scrotum
4
Q
a layer of smooth muscle beneath the scrotum
A
tunica dartos
5
Q
male reproductive organ that is about 4 to 5 cm long and is composed of come-shaped lobules that contain seminiferous tubules
A
testes
6
Q
Where does sperm cells develop
A
seminiferous tubules
7
Q
tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules tubules that form a comma-shaped structure
A
epididymis
8
Q
long, muscular tube that conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts close to the urethra
A
Vas deferens
9
Q
extends to the prostate gland and joins with the urethra within the prostate gland
A
Ejaculatory duct
10
Q
Secretes fluids that form part of the semen
A
Prostate Gland
11
Q
Passageway for both urine and seminal fluid
A
urethra
12
Q
Organ of copulation
A
Penis
13
Q
suspends the ovary to the body wall
A
Mesovarium
14
Q
contain oocytes, the female germ cells
A
ovarian follicle
15
Q
Female germ sperm
A
oocytes
16
Q
what is the process called when a follicle matures it expands and ruptures to release the egg
A
ovulation
17
Q
Also called oviducts or urine tube, extend from the ovary to the uterus
A
Fallopian tubes
18
Q
It sorrounds the distal opening of the fallopian tube
A
fimbriae
19
Q
Common site of fertilization
A
Fallopian tube
20
Q
as big as medium sized pear, expands during pregnancy
A
Uterus
21
Q
uterine cavity that continues through cervix, passageway for menstrual flow and child birth
A
Vagina
22
Q
space where vagina and urethra open
A
External Genitalia
23
Q
responsible for milk production
A
Mammary glands
24
Q
two flaps of skin
A
labia minora
25
two folds of skin
labia majora
26
monthly Shedding of the endometrial lining
Menstruation
27
largest ovarian follicle to release the egg in the process of what
ovulation
28
(Male or Female) before ovulation
female
29
(male or female) after ovulation
Male
30
thick wall in the uterus
myometrium
31
inner lining of uterus
endometrium
32
The vagina opening is covered by a thin mucous membrane, called what
Hymen
33
Circle pigmented surrounding the nipple
Areola
34
The union of sperm and egg cell
Fertilization
35
The cell division in the early embryo
Cleavage
36
This system controls by the activities by means of chemical messengers
Endocrine system
37
Chemical messengers
Hormones
38
Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands
39
Release their secretions through ducts that lead to the target cells
Exocrine glands
40
gland produces hormones that control the activities of various other glands.
Pituitary gland
41
an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes only two hormones:
Posterior lobe
42
decreases the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys to conserve water.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
43
Promote milk letdown
Oxytocin
44
located at the base of the neck, with its two lobes flanking the trachea.
Thyroid gland
45
which lowers blood calcium levels under certain conditions.
Calcitonin
46
Thyriod gland chemical reactions
Cellular metabolism
47
The active form of thyroid hormone
Triiodothyronine
48
An active thyroid gland causes, this decreases metabolic rate, this can also be treated using radioactive iodine treatment
Hyperthyroidism
49
Several hyperthyroidism may cause, it is a life-threatening condition
Myxedema coma
50
An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
goiter
51
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
52
The back of the thyroid gland are four small glands called? This glands secrete parathormones
Parathyroids
53
This regulate calcium in the blood and oppose the action of calcitonin which exceeds normal levels. This also enhances calcium absorption in the digestive tube
Parathormones
54
This glands are situated above the kidneys
Adrenal glands
55
The inner part of the adrenal glands, this secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
56
The outer part of the adrenal glands
Adrenal cortex
57
The adrenal medulla secretes? Also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
58
The emergency hormone
Adrenaline
59
Major mineralocorticoid that regulates salt and water in the body
Aldosterone
60
Located between the spleen and the small intestine. It is a versatile gland in that it produces digestive enzymes and hormones
Pancreas
61
The effects of insulin and glucagon are antagonistic, or opposite. Body sugar level.
Insulin lowers body sugar level, glucagon raises it
62
It inhibits the secretion of other hormones, including insulin and glucagon in the pancreas.
Somatostatin
63
The islet of____ of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes such as ______
Islets of Langerhans
Pancreatic amylase
64
This nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord
Central nervous system
65
This nervous system contains nerves, a collection of many long thin cells called “neurons”
Peripheral nervous system
66
A Collection of many long, thin cells
Neurons
67
Basic functional unit of the nervous system. it carries messages to and from the different parts of the body from one neuron to another.
Neuron
68
How many nerve cells does a body Constain
25 Billion nerve cells
69
This is the extension of neurons and receive messages from NEIGHBORING neurons
Dendrites
70
The elongated end of a neuron is called ____. This send messages to SURROUNDING neurons of body organs
Axon
71
An Electromagnetic charge that travels at a speed of up to 120 m/s from one end of a nerve cell to the next
Nerve Impulse
72
The terminal end of a nerve that is separated from the next cell by a SHORT GAP visible only under a high-powered microscope
Synapse
73
Neurons that CONDUCT INFORMATIONS from the sensory receptors in the various parts of the body which include our skin, eyes among others the the central nervous system
Sensory neurons
74
Neurons that RELAY the information from one neuron to another
Interneurons
75
Neurons that CARRY SIGNALS from the central nervous system to the specific parts that will carry out the response
Motor neurons
76
This nervous system integrates the work of the receptors and the effectors to bring about the responses
Central nervous system
77
The largest part of the brain and is divided into the left and right hemisphere
Cerebrum
78
This connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Corpus callosum
79
This lobe is at work when you TALK, MOVE, REASON OUT, SOLVE PROBLEMS
Frontal lobe
80
This lobe allows you to HEAR AND RECOGNIZE SOUNDS
temporal lobe
81
This lobe allows you to distinguish sensations such as TOUCH, PAIN, PRESSURE, and TEMPERATURE
Parietal lobe
82
lobe that is the Visual processing center
Occipital lobe
83
This is responsible for movement and motor coordination
Cerebellum
84
The posterior part of the brain that continues downward to the spinal cord
Brain stem
85
This serves as a MESSENGER, relaying sensory and motor Impulses. Also responsible for sleep
Thalamus
86
This REGULATES body temperature and manages emotions such as thirdt and hunger
Hypothalamus
87
Small structure that connects the cerebrum and medulla oblongata
Pons
88
Regulates AUTONOMIC functions such as breathing and heartbeat
Medulla oblongata
89
Runs down the center of the back and is connected to the brain like an extension
Spinal cord
90
This is protecting the spinal cord and is composed of individual vertebrae
Vertebral column
91
This nervous system includes all the nerves that carry signals to and from the brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
92
This system regulates VOLUNTARY movements
Somatic nervous system
93
This nervous system regulates INVOLUNTARY movements
Autonomic nervous system
94
Enclosed, cable like bundle of nerve fibers
Nerve
95
The outermost sheath of a nerve is called , the second inner sheath, the innermost sheath
Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
96
The alternation of the nucleotide sequence of the dna that makes up the gene
Gene mutation
97
Individuals who survived chromosonal mutation
Syndrome
98
Babies are born with 3 copies of chromosomes 18 instead of 2
Trisonomy 18 Edwards syndrome
