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Science 3rd Quarter > Chapter 9: Reproductive system > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Period of rapid Changes

A

Puberty

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2
Q

Another name for sex cells

A

gametes

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3
Q

Consists of skin

A

Scrotum

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4
Q

a layer of smooth muscle beneath the scrotum

A

tunica dartos

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5
Q

male reproductive organ that is about 4 to 5 cm long and is composed of come-shaped lobules that contain seminiferous tubules

A

testes

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6
Q

Where does sperm cells develop

A

seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules tubules that form a comma-shaped structure

A

epididymis

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8
Q

long, muscular tube that conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts close to the urethra

A

Vas deferens

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9
Q

extends to the prostate gland and joins with the urethra within the prostate gland

A

Ejaculatory duct

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10
Q

Secretes fluids that form part of the semen

A

Prostate Gland

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11
Q

Passageway for both urine and seminal fluid

A

urethra

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12
Q

Organ of copulation

A

Penis

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13
Q

suspends the ovary to the body wall

A

Mesovarium

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14
Q

contain oocytes, the female germ cells

A

ovarian follicle

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15
Q

Female germ sperm

A

oocytes

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16
Q

what is the process called when a follicle matures it expands and ruptures to release the egg

A

ovulation

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17
Q

Also called oviducts or urine tube, extend from the ovary to the uterus

A

Fallopian tubes

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18
Q

It sorrounds the distal opening of the fallopian tube

A

fimbriae

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19
Q

Common site of fertilization

A

Fallopian tube

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20
Q

as big as medium sized pear, expands during pregnancy

A

Uterus

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21
Q

uterine cavity that continues through cervix, passageway for menstrual flow and child birth

A

Vagina

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22
Q

space where vagina and urethra open

A

External Genitalia

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23
Q

responsible for milk production

A

Mammary glands

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24
Q

two flaps of skin

A

labia minora

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25
Q

two folds of skin

A

labia majora

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26
Q

monthly Shedding of the endometrial lining

A

Menstruation

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27
Q

largest ovarian follicle to release the egg in the process of what

A

ovulation

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28
Q

(Male or Female) before ovulation

A

female

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29
Q

(male or female) after ovulation

A

Male

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30
Q

thick wall in the uterus

A

myometrium

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31
Q

inner lining of uterus

A

endometrium

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32
Q

The vagina opening is covered by a thin mucous membrane, called what

A

Hymen

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33
Q

Circle pigmented surrounding the nipple

A

Areola

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34
Q

The union of sperm and egg cell

A

Fertilization

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35
Q

The cell division in the early embryo

A

Cleavage

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36
Q

This system controls by the activities by means of chemical messengers

A

Endocrine system

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37
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Hormones

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38
Q

Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

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39
Q

Release their secretions through ducts that lead to the target cells

A

Exocrine glands

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40
Q

gland produces hormones that control the activities of various other glands.

A

Pituitary gland

41
Q

an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes only two hormones:

A

Posterior lobe

42
Q

decreases the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys to conserve water.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

43
Q

Promote milk letdown

A

Oxytocin

44
Q

located at the base of the neck, with its two lobes flanking the trachea.

A

Thyroid gland

45
Q

which lowers blood calcium levels under certain conditions.

A

Calcitonin

46
Q

Thyriod gland chemical reactions

A

Cellular metabolism

47
Q

The active form of thyroid hormone

A

Triiodothyronine

48
Q

An active thyroid gland causes, this decreases metabolic rate, this can also be treated using radioactive iodine treatment

A

Hyperthyroidism

49
Q

Several hyperthyroidism may cause, it is a life-threatening condition

A

Myxedema coma

50
Q

An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency

A

goiter

51
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease

52
Q

The back of the thyroid gland are four small glands called? This glands secrete parathormones

A

Parathyroids

53
Q

This regulate calcium in the blood and oppose the action of calcitonin which exceeds normal levels. This also enhances calcium absorption in the digestive tube

A

Parathormones

54
Q

This glands are situated above the kidneys

A

Adrenal glands

55
Q

The inner part of the adrenal glands, this secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

56
Q

The outer part of the adrenal glands

A

Adrenal cortex

57
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes? Also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

58
Q

The emergency hormone

A

Adrenaline

59
Q

Major mineralocorticoid that regulates salt and water in the body

A

Aldosterone

60
Q

Located between the spleen and the small intestine. It is a versatile gland in that it produces digestive enzymes and hormones

A

Pancreas

61
Q

The effects of insulin and glucagon are antagonistic, or opposite. Body sugar level.

A

Insulin lowers body sugar level, glucagon raises it

62
Q

It inhibits the secretion of other hormones, including insulin and glucagon in the pancreas.

A

Somatostatin

63
Q

The islet of____ of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes such as ______

A

Islets of Langerhans
Pancreatic amylase

64
Q

This nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

65
Q

This nervous system contains nerves, a collection of many long thin cells called “neurons”

A

Peripheral nervous system

66
Q

A Collection of many long, thin cells

A

Neurons

67
Q

Basic functional unit of the nervous system. it carries messages to and from the different parts of the body from one neuron to another.

A

Neuron

68
Q

How many nerve cells does a body Constain

A

25 Billion nerve cells

69
Q

This is the extension of neurons and receive messages from NEIGHBORING neurons

A

Dendrites

70
Q

The elongated end of a neuron is called ____. This send messages to SURROUNDING neurons of body organs

A

Axon

71
Q

An Electromagnetic charge that travels at a speed of up to 120 m/s from one end of a nerve cell to the next

A

Nerve Impulse

72
Q

The terminal end of a nerve that is separated from the next cell by a SHORT GAP visible only under a high-powered microscope

A

Synapse

73
Q

Neurons that CONDUCT INFORMATIONS from the sensory receptors in the various parts of the body which include our skin, eyes among others the the central nervous system

A

Sensory neurons

74
Q

Neurons that RELAY the information from one neuron to another

A

Interneurons

75
Q

Neurons that CARRY SIGNALS from the central nervous system to the specific parts that will carry out the response

A

Motor neurons

76
Q

This nervous system integrates the work of the receptors and the effectors to bring about the responses

A

Central nervous system

77
Q

The largest part of the brain and is divided into the left and right hemisphere

A

Cerebrum

78
Q

This connects the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

79
Q

This lobe is at work when you TALK, MOVE, REASON OUT, SOLVE PROBLEMS

A

Frontal lobe

80
Q

This lobe allows you to HEAR AND RECOGNIZE SOUNDS

A

temporal lobe

81
Q

This lobe allows you to distinguish sensations such as TOUCH, PAIN, PRESSURE, and TEMPERATURE

A

Parietal lobe

82
Q

lobe that is the Visual processing center

A

Occipital lobe

83
Q

This is responsible for movement and motor coordination

A

Cerebellum

84
Q

The posterior part of the brain that continues downward to the spinal cord

A

Brain stem

85
Q

This serves as a MESSENGER, relaying sensory and motor Impulses. Also responsible for sleep

A

Thalamus

86
Q

This REGULATES body temperature and manages emotions such as thirdt and hunger

A

Hypothalamus

87
Q

Small structure that connects the cerebrum and medulla oblongata

A

Pons

88
Q

Regulates AUTONOMIC functions such as breathing and heartbeat

A

Medulla oblongata

89
Q

Runs down the center of the back and is connected to the brain like an extension

A

Spinal cord

90
Q

This is protecting the spinal cord and is composed of individual vertebrae

A

Vertebral column

91
Q

This nervous system includes all the nerves that carry signals to and from the brain and the spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system

92
Q

This system regulates VOLUNTARY movements

A

Somatic nervous system

93
Q

This nervous system regulates INVOLUNTARY movements

A

Autonomic nervous system

94
Q

Enclosed, cable like bundle of nerve fibers

A

Nerve

95
Q

The outermost sheath of a nerve is called , the second inner sheath, the innermost sheath

A

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

96
Q

The alternation of the nucleotide sequence of the dna that makes up the gene

A

Gene mutation

97
Q

Individuals who survived chromosonal mutation

A

Syndrome

98
Q

Babies are born with 3 copies of chromosomes 18 instead of 2

A

Trisonomy 18 Edwards syndrome

Science 3rd Quarter (5 decks)

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