Chapter 12: Population Ecology Flashcards
All the members of the same species living in a particular place
Hint: P
Population
Serves as the SOURCE OF ENERGY for the BIOLOGICAL activities of microorganisms
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Conversion of light into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Organisms that eat other organisms
Consumers
Regarded as the MAIN source of energy of MOST biological systems on earth
Sunlight
Animals that feed directly on plants
Herbivores
Animals that feed on meat
Carnivores
Animals that eat both plants and meat
Omnivores
Energy FLOWS in an ecosystem through?
Food chains
Made up of several interlocking food chains
Food web
Population’s growth rate is determining what
Population growth
This measures how fast the number of members of a given population increases
Population’s growth rate
Number of individuals BORN in a given period
Natality
Number of DEATHS that occur in a population
Mortality
Birth rate is defined as the total number of births per ___ individuals in a population each year
1000
Number of species moving INTO a population
Immigration
Number of individuals that move OUT of a population
Emigration
Movement of individuals in and out of a population
Migration
Assumes that a population grows at the CONSTANT RATE. It can be visualized by considering a bacterium that splits into two every six hours.
Exponential growth
Assume that as a population grows, REPRODUCTIVE CAPABILITY DECREASES because of environmental resistance
Logistic growth
Various effects of crowding, like limited food supply, intense competition, and intense migration
Environmental resistance
The maximum size that an environment can support without its resources, becoming completely depleted
Carrying capacity
Trend that occurs when the birth rate is EQUAL to the death rate
Zero population growth
Any environmental factor that depends on POPULATION DENSITY
Density dependent limiting factor
Any factor that is dependent on ABIOTIC FACTORS, such as natural calamities
Density independent limiting factor
VARIATIONS WITHIN, and among life forms, including the ecological complexes in which organisms live
Biodiversity
Area that hosts high by diversity
Biodiversity hotspot
Ability of an environment to resist change
Stability
Hypothesis that says a Species’ trait or identity is the force that can help stabilize environment
Insurace hypothesis
How do humans disturb the ecosystem
Hint: C U I G D
Combustion of fossile fuels
Unsustainable agricultural practices
Introduction of pollutants
Global warming
Depletion of the ozone layer
How can human help the ecosystem
Hint: 5Rs. Energy
5Rs - Reduce, reuse, recycle, repurpose, and repair
Reduce the amount of energy you use
Birth control method: Pills, Shots
Hormonal Method
Birth control method: Condom
Barrier method
Birth control method: Not engaging in sexual intercourse
Natural method
The more diverse, the greater the no. In ecosystem, the better it can withstand ecological threats
Stability hypothesis
Effects of biodiversity on the stability of an ecosystem
Hint: r s i n
Resistance to invasion
Species resistance to disease
Insurance effect
Negative covariance effect
