Chapter 9 Psychology Flashcards
Motivation is the process by which activities are ________, _________, and________ to meet a person’s physical or psychological requirements.
A) Started; Directed; Continued
B) Sensed ;Perceived; Created
C) Created; Developed; Acted upon
D) Desired; Directed; Developed
A) Started; Directed; Continued
If a person carries out a behavior to receive an outcome that is separate from the person, this is known as
A) Intrinsic Motivation
B) Extrinsic Motivation
C) Drive- Reduction Motivation
D) Instinctual Motivation
B) Extrinsic Motivation
William MacDougall’s original research on instinctual motivation proposed a total of _____________ instincts for humans, whereas later researchers believed there were _______________
A) 5; 25
B) 18; 50
C) 18; thousands
D) 100; millions
C) 18; thousands
What motivational theory relies heavily on the concept of homeostasis?
A) Instinctual theory
B) Need for affiliation theory
C) Drive-reduction theory
D) Need for achievement theory
C) Drive reduction theory
People high in the need for _____________ want to be liked by others and are good team players.
A) Achievement
B) Affiliation
C) Power
D) Emotion
B ) Affiliation
According to research by Carol Dweck, which of the following would be the best phrase to reinforce a child’s behavior?
A) I’m am proud of the way you tried to solve that problem.
B) Good job. You got the right answer
C) Well done. But you must try even harder next time
D) Excellent. Now go out and do it again
A) I’m proud of the way you tried to solve that problem
According to the arousal theory, people’s are motivated towards __________________ level of arousal.
A) Their highest
B) Their lowest
C) Their optimum
D) Their minimal
C) Their optimum
In terms of arousal and task difficulty, easy tasks typically demand a _______________ level for optimal performance,whereas difficult tasks require a ______________ level.
A) High- moderate ; low- moderate
B) Low- moderate; high - moderate
C) Either or high or low; medium
D) Low ; low
A) High- moderate ; low- moderate
In the strictest sense, what is incentive theory based on?
A) Sensation and perception
B) Learning theory
C) Social conformity
D) Internal unconscious forces
B) Learning theory
In Maslow’s theory, how often do people reach a point of self- actualization?
A) Most people reach a state of self- actualization before they
reach adulthood
B) Most people reach a state of self- actualization as they finish
adolescence.
C) Seldom, although there are times in a person’s life when they are self - actualization at least temporarily
D) No one ever reaches the ultimate state. Our motivations express themselves in how they try to attain it.
C) Seldom, although there are times in a person’s life when they are self - actualization at least temporarily
In Ryan and Deci ‘s self-determination theory, what is the key to achieving one’s needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
A) An institutional motivation
B) Support from others around you
C) A motivation often driven by heredity
D) A driving desire not to be a failure
B) Support from other’s around you
Damage to the _____________in rats can cause them to starve to death while damage to the _______________ will cause them to eat and eat and eat.
A) Pancreas; stomach
B) Liver; kidneys
C) Ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus
D) Lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus
D) Lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus
The rate at which the body burns energy while at rest is known as?
A) Weight set point
B) Basal metabolic rate
C) Leptin
D) Glucagon
B) Basal metabolic rate
If calorie intake stays the same, as the basal metabolic rate decreases, the weight set point
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Stays the same
D) Varies up and down
B) Increases
Jermaine eats a late breakfast at 10:00am but finds he is hungry at 11:30am when he typically eats lunch. What best explains his hunger pains only 90 minutes after eating breakfast?
A) Heredity
B) Social Pressure
C) Classical conditioning
D) Self- actualization
C) Classical conditioning
In cultures where western lifestyles of eating and exercising have been adopted, obesity rates have ______________ over the last 20 years.
A) Remained relatively stable
B) Decreased slightly
C) Doubled
D) Tripled
D) Tripled
According to researchers at Yale, what might be one way to get children to eat more carrots?
A) Include the word “healthy” on the outside of the package
B) Include a brief explanation of the amount of vitamins in carrots
C) Put a prize in the package
D) Put a cartoon character on the outside of the package
D) Put a cartoon character on the outside of the package
The phrase,” I’m embarrassed because my face is red “is best explained by which theory of emotion?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Traditional theory of emotion
B) James-Lange
” I believe that emotions and physiological arousal tend to happen simultaneously, “ Which theorist would be responsible for making such a statement?
A) Walter Cannon or Philip Bard
B) William James or Carl Lange
C) Stanley Schachter or Jerome Singer
D) Sigmund Freud or Erik Erickson
A) Walter Cannon or Philip Bard
One day at school, someone collides with you in the hall and knocks you down,causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends,if you get knocked down, you don’t express anger. What theory best explains how we label each situation and choose the important emotion to show?
A) James- Lange
B) Cannon- Bard
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Facial feedback
C) Schachter- Singer
In Schachter and Singer’s classic study, participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the “angry” research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as _________, whereas those who were exposed to the “happy” confederate interpreted their arousal as ____________.
A) Anger; Happiness
B) Happiness; Anger
C) Happiness; Happiness
D) Anger; Anger
A) Anger; Happiness
Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her to fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?
A) James- Lange
B) Cognitive- mediational
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Facial Feedback
D) Facial Feedback
Eli enjoys woodcarving. Although none of his teenage friends are interested, he often spends hours creating several different pieces. His enjoyment of the task is all his own, and rarely shows other his work. Many would call his motivation _________in nature.
A) Instinctual
B) Arousal
C) Extrinsic
D) Intrinsic
D) Intrinsic
Jasmine often requires her friends approval when she buys new outfits. Her need is an example of a(n) ______________drive.
A) Primary
B) Aquired (secondary)
C) Innate
D) Instinctive
B) Acquired (secondary)
The approach to motivation that forced psychologists to consider the value of homeostasis in motivation was the ________ approach.
A) Arousal
B) Drive-Reduction
C) Instinct
D) Incentive
B) Drive-Reduction
Motivational theories such as _____________ are physical in terms of their needs while _____________ is based off of psychological motives.
A) Drive theory; Instinctual Theory
B) Biological Theory; Drive Theory
C) Drive Theory; McCelland’s need theory
D) Need For Power; Drive Theory
C) Drive Theory; McClelland’s need theory
Dodd is always looking for new hobbies. He prefers exciting hobbies that will get him noticed. In his company, Dodi constantly asks for feedback from customers so he can know what needs to do to be the best. Dodi is high in the need for _____________.
A) Achievement
B) Affiliation
C) Power
D) Attention
A) Achievement
An important component to Carol Dweck’s theory of motivation is.
A) One’s view of self
B) An understanding of classical conditioning and its impact on motivation
C) The importance of heredity on biological motivations
D) An understanding of emotions
A) One’s view of self
According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated towards ____________ point of arousal.
A) The highest
B) The optimal
C) The easiest
D) The quickest
B) The optimal
According to Maslow, what is meant by a peak experience?
A) That point, even for a moment, when someone reaches a state of self- actualization
B) The point at which someone reaches transcendence
C) The point at which someone begins to work through the hierarchy
D) The point at which someone must descend back down the hierarchy to address a previous need which is no longer secure
D) The point at which someone must descend back down the hierarchy to address a previous need which is no longer secure.
Jacob believes he is in control of his own destiny. He feels he is secure in the friendships he has with others. However, he still feels the need to master many of the challenges in his own life and career. According to self-determination theory, which stage is Jacob still working to complete?
A) Autonomy
B) Competence
C) Relatedness
D) Affiliation
B) Competence
Leptin is a hormone involved in?
A) Appetite Control
B) Metabolism Control
C) Digestion Of Fatty Foods
D) Neurotransmissions
A) Appetite Control
The structure in the brain that,when damaged, causes rats to eat and eat and eat is called the?
A) Ventromedial Pituitary
B) Lateral Hippocampus
C) Ventromedial Hypothalamus
D) Lateral Hypothalamus
C) Ventromedial Hypothalamus
The level weight the body tries to maintain is called the?
A) Basal Metabolic Rate
B) Weight set point
C) Basal set point
D) Weight metabolic rate
B) Weight set point
Studies indicate that women from ______________ are more likely to eat because their body tells them they are hungry.
A) Hungary
B) The United States
C) Italy
D) Japan
D) Japan
Since Dillon’s family has a history of obesity, he has _____________of becoming obese compared to people without such a family history.
A) Thalamus
B) Double or triple the risk
C) Five times the risk
D) Less risk
B) Double or triple the risk
LeDoux’s work on the physiology involving emotions has focused on what part of the brain?
A) Thalamus
B) Hippocampus
C) Prefrontal Cortex
D) Amygdala
D) Amygdala
Research on facial expressions has taught us that facial expressions are.
A) Inherent to a region and therefore mean different things in different countries
B) Inherent to a culture and therefore mean different things to different cultures
C) Learned
D) Universal
D) Universal
What is meant by display rule?
A) An understanding of when and under what conditions emotions and feelings may be displayed within a culture.
B) An understanding of what behaviors can be expressed when someone is in a new situation.
C) An understanding of how children are to act in presence of adults.
D) An understanding of how to hide emotions from others.
A) An understanding of when and under what conditions emotions and feelings may be displayed within a culture.
What theory of emotion states that the emotion typically occurs before arousal and behavior.
A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory
B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory
C) Cannon and Bard’s Theory
D) James and Lang’s Theory
A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory
Which theory of emotion relies heavily on cognition and labeling?
A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory
B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory
C) Cannon and Bard’s Theory
D) James and Lang’s Theory
B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory
The first stage of David Allen’s Getting Things Done (GTD) method is __________ anything and everything that has your attention.
A) Reviewing
B) Doing
C) Capturing
D) Organizing
C) Capturing
