Chapter 8 Psychology Flashcards
In a _________ design, one group of people is followed and assessed at different times as the group ages.
A) longitudinal
B)cross-sectional
C) cross-sequential
D) cross-longitudinal
A) Longitudinal
The cognitive and social changes students go through because they are born and grow up in an age of smartphones would be referred to as a(n)
A) experimental group
B) control group
C) dominance effect
D) cohort effect
D) Cohort effect
Brandy has naturally blonde hair. Based on this information, what do we know about Brandy’s parents?
A) At least one of her parents has recessive gene for blonde hair.
B) Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blonde hair.
C) Each of her parents must have one dominant gene for brown hair.
D) Neither of her parents has a recessive gene for blonde hair,
B) Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blonde hair.
What sets of genes group together, the result can be multiple traits expressed as a single dominant trait. This is best explained by the process known as
A) Dominant inheritance
B) Recessive inheritance
C) Polygenetic Inheritance
D) Amines
C) Polygenetic inheritance
Which of the following is a disorder resulting from recessive inheritance?
A) Turner’s Syndrome
B) Klinefelter’s Syndrome
C) Cystic Fibroses
D) Down Syndrome
C) Cystic Fibroses
Which disorder is characterized by having only one X chromosome in the 23rd pairing?
A) Tay-Sachs
B) Turner’s Syndrome
C) Klinefelter’s Syndrome
D) PKU
B) Turner’s Syndrome
Which term best describes Abby and Brittany Hensel?
A) They are monozygotic twins
B) They are decephalic twins
C) They are dizygotic twins
D) They are technically not twins at all
B) They are decephalic twins
What is the function of the placenta?
A) It helps the zygote to divide
B) It assists the zygote in its movement towards the uterus.
C) It provides nourishment to the developing baby.
D) It effectively keeps out all teratogens.
C) It provides nourishment to the developing baby.
The 2nd week through the 8th week of pregnancy is commonly referred to as the _______ stage?
A) Fetal
B) Embryonic
C) Placental
D) Germinal
B) Embryonic
Which of the following is one of the most common teratogens and can result in a malformed head and brain damage.
A) Alcohol
B) Caffeine
C) Cocaine
D) Mercury
A) Alcohol
When do most miscarriages occur?
A) In the last three months
B) In the first thee months
C) After the 5th month
D) In the first week after conception
D) In the first week after conception
One way researchers study newborn development involves measuring how long infants continue to focus upon a non-changing stimulus. This technique is referred to as?
A) Adaptation
B) Habituation
C) Longitudinal Study
D) A cross-sectional design
B) Habituation
Which of the babies senses is the most well developed at birth?
A) Vision
B) Touch
C) Hearing
D) Smell
B) Touch
In which of Piaget’s stages would a child be who has just developed the ability to conserve?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete Operations
D) Formal Operations
C) Concrete Operations
Vygotsky defines _________ as the process of helping less as the learner improves at a given task.
A) Scaffolding
B) Habituation
C) Zone of proximal development
D) Metamemory
A) Scaffolding
Which of the following tends to occur first in a child’s language development?
A) Telegraphic Speech
B) Babbling
C) A Holophrase
D) Cooing
D) Cooing
According to Thomas and Chess, temperament styles often last ____________ and are often influenced by ____________.
A) Into early childhood; the unconscious
B) Into early adolescence; the environment
C) Into early adulthood; family
D) Throughout adulthood; heredity
D) Throughout adulthood; heredity
What kind of attachment, according to Ainsworth, is shown by a baby who clings to his or her mother, gets upset when the mother leaves, and demands to be picked up but at the same time kicks and pushes her away?
A) Secure
B) Avoidant
C) Ambivalent
D) Disorganized-disoriented
C) Ambivalent
Studies by Harry Harlow showed that the most important element to developing attachment is?
A) Feeding
B) Physical Contact
C) Mental challenges
D) Sleep
B) Physical Contact
Baby Lisa is beginning to learn more about herself. When she sees herself in a mirror, she smiles and laughs but no longer needs to touch the mirror or look behind it to find the baby that she sees. Researchers would say that baby Lisa is developing
A) Trust versus mistrust
B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C) Awareness of herself
D) Her internal identity
C) Awareness of herself
According to Erikson, which stage results in a sense of independence because of one’s ability to control their own actions?
A) Trust versus mistrust
B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C) Initiative versus guilt
D) Generativity versus stagnation
B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Changes in the body of young boys such as the appearance and growth of body hair is considered
A) A primary sex characteristic
B) A secondary sex characteristic
C) The final stage of puberty
D) A sign of postconventional morality
B) A secondary sex characteristic
” It can’t happen to me. I am special” is a common attitude found I’m adolescents who have developed
A) A self-concept
B) An imaginary audience
C) A personal fable
D) A preconventional morality
C) A personal fable
According to kohlberg, about one-fifth of the adult population is at the ___________ level of morality.
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Preliminary
C) Postconventional
According to Erickson, the task of the adolescent is to
A) Find a consistent sense of self
B) Develop a sense of initiative
C) Find intimacy with another
D) Develop a sense of industry
A) Find a consistent sense of self
If Colin is going to argue and disagree with his parents, which of the following topics will he typically be arguing over?
A) Political beliefs
B) Religious beliefs
C) Social values
D) His taste in clothes
D) His taste in clothes
At which age does an adults physical senses begin to hit their peak?
A) 20’ s
B) 30’s
C) 40’s
D) 50’s
A) 20’s
What is the most frequent cause of death in middle age?
A) Accidents
B) Stroke
C) Excessive risk taking
D) Heart Disease
D) Heart Disease
As Conrad has gotten older,e finds that it is becoming more difficult to remember certain words or the name of a new acquaintance. What is the most likely explanation for this change in memory.
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) The aging process
C) Stress
D) Heredity
C) Stress
According to Erickson, the primary task of early adulthood is.
A) Completing your education
B) Finding a mate
C) Starting a career
D) Taking care of aging parents
B) Finding a mate
According to Baumrind, which type of parent would most likely say, “because I aid so” or “it’s my way or the highway!”
A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive neglectful
D) Permissive indulgent
A) Authoritarian
A William celebrates his 70th birthday, he finds that he is happy with how things have turned out with his life. According to Erickson, Williams life review will cause him
A) To develop a sense of ego integrity
B) A sense of despair, since such reviews often result in depression.
C) To develop an urgency to begin new projects
D) To put to writing many of his accomplishments
A) To develop a sense of ego integrity
The structures on the end of chromosomes that shorten each time a cell reproduces are called
A) Telomeres
B) Collagen
C) Free Radicals
D) DNA
A) Telomeres
Which theory of aging is compared to the limited number of repairs you can have before your cars warranty runs out?
A) Wear - and-Tear Theory
B) Cellular- Clock Theory
C) Free-Radical Theory
D) Activity Theory
B) Cellular- Clock Theory
According to research, the reason many older people are no longer involved in their community is because
A) They are not asked to take part
B) They quite often are unable to take part
C) They do not wish to be involved
D) They die
A) They are not asked to take part
What stage might terminally I’ll patients Ben if they refuse to write a last will and testament because they believe that in doing so, they are admitting they will die?
A) Bargaining
B) Anger
C) Depression
D) Denial
D) Denial
The thinking and attitudes of many who survived the Depression of the 1930’s changed them for the rest of their lives. This would be an example of a
A) Cohort Effect
B) Cultural Group
C) Longitudinal Group
D) Cross-Sequential Group
A) Cohort Effect
If a person has one gene for blue eyes but actually has brown eyes, blue eyes must be a ____________ trait.
A) Domiant
B) Recessive
C) Sex- Linked
D) Polygenic
B) Recessive
In __________ syndrome, the 23rd pair of chromosomes consists of an XXY pairing, resulting in reduced masculine characteristics and excessive height.
A) PKU
B) Down
C) Klinefelters
D) Turners
C) Klinefelters
Which of the the following represents the fertilization process for monozygotic twins?
A) One egg is fertilized by two different sperm
B) One egg splits and is then fertilized by two different sperm
C) One egg is fertilized by one sperm and then splits
D) Two eggs are fertilized by the same sperm
C) One egg is fertilized by one sperm and then splits
What part of the infants body is said to stay in an immature state until needed to produce more cells?
A) Uterus
B) Stem Cells
C) Umbilical Cord
D) Placenta
B) stem Cells
Based on today’s science and medicine, when does the age of vitability begin?
A) Between 8-12 weeks
B) Between 12-18 weeks
C) Between 22-26 weeks
D) Between 28-36 weeks
C) Between 22-26 weeks
Dr. Kahn how long baby Lydia looks at a particular stimulus. The technique is known as?
A) Preferential Looking
B) Dishabituation
C) Habituation
D) Stimulus Discrimination
A) Preferential Looking
At what age can the typical infant roll over?
A) 2 months
B) 5 weeks
C) 8 months
D) 12 months
A) 2 months
Studies of the infant brain begin to show signs of what scientists call synaptic pruning. What occurs during the process?
A) The brain creates additional neural connections by removing parts of the surrounding bone.
B) Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared out to make way for new cells.
C) New cells work to re-write old cells ultimately change their functioning.
D) New cells will not develop until the body makes sufficient physical space within the brain.
B) Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared out to make way for new cells.
In which of Piaget’s stages does the child become capable of understanding conversation?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Formal Operations
D) Concrete Operations
D) Concrete Operations
Monique says “milk” when she wants her milk from the kitchen counter. Subsequently, she says “milk” after she has had a drink. Using a single phrase to mean different things is an example of
A) Telephrase
B) Private Speech
C) Holophrase
D) Public Speech
A) Telephrase
Which of the following is myth regarding immunizations?
A) Most immunizations are made up of dead viruses
B) If all the other children in a school are immunized, there is really no harm in not immunizing one’s own child.
C) Vaccines work on 99 percent of cases
D) Only in rare cases do immunizations trigger seizures
B) If all the other children in a school are immunized, there is really no harm in not immunizing one’s own child.
Int he strange situation, __________ babies would cry when their mother left the room but were happy upon her return.
A) Secure
B) Avoidant
C) Ambivalent
D) Disorganized- Disoriented
A) Secure
What is the new explanation as to why teenagers and young adults may engage in risky and dangerous behavior?
A) Such behavior is due to tremendous pressure applied by peers.
B) Such behavior is actually hereditary
C) Such behavior may be due to unbalanced hormones in the body
D) Such behavior may be due to the incomplete development of the pre-frontal cortex
D) Such behavior may be due to the incomplete development of the pre-frontal cortex
Samantha enters a class room where two students are talking. When they stop there discussion, Samantha is certain they must have been talking about her. Such belief is an example of.
A) The imaginary audience
B) The personal fable
C) Abstract egocentrism
D) Formal operations
A) The imaginary audience
What cognitive changes occurring during middle adulthood are the most noticeable?
A) Changes in memory begin to occur
B) Problem-solving skills diminish
C) Hearing begins to decline
D) Hair begins to turn gray
A) Changes in memory begin to occur
Independence and self reliance in the teenage years is the most likely due to ________ parenting?
A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive neglectful
D) Permissive indulgent
B) Authoritative
The crisis of late adulthood, according to Erikson is?
A) Identity versus role confusion
B) Generativity versus stagnation
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Integrity versus despair
D) Integrity versus despair
Which theory of aging states that unstable oxygen molecules tend to steal electrons as they bounce around, thus causing damage to surrounding cells?
A) Cellular-clock theory
B) Wear-and-tear theory
C) Free-radical theory
D) Activity theory
C) Free-radical theory
Kip is worried that he is losing his mind because he finds himself angry at a friend who died in an automobile accident. Based in Kubler-Ross’s research, what might you tell him?
A) Anger of this type is self destructive and unhealthy
B Anger is usually a mask to your true feelings of sadness.
C) Anger towards a deceased individual is simply not normal and may require psychological counseling.
D) Anger is a normal reaction to death and not a sign of mental illness.
D) Anger is a normal reaction to death and not a sign of mental illness.
