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Bio 160 LE 2 > Chapter 9 - Population Distribution and Regulation > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Population Distribution and Regulation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Case study: Explain why some islands have kelp forests, and others have urchin barrens?

A

Urchins, otters, and potentially killer whales set in motion a chain of events influencing marine ecosystems.

  • Grazing by sea urchins may prevent the formation of kelp forests.
  • Sea Otters as Urchin Predators
  • Killer Whales decrease Sea Otter Population
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2
Q

Dominant kelp species in kelp forests

A

Laminaria and Nereocystis

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3
Q

the geographic area where individuals of the species are present

A

Distribution

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4
Q

the number of individuals of a species that are found in a given area

A

Abundance

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5
Q

Trait of populations that state distributions and abundances can change greatly over time and space

A

Dynamic

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6
Q

A group of individuals of the same species that live within a particular area and interact with one another.

A

Population

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7
Q

In species that reproduce sexually, a population might be defined as

A

the group of individuals that interact by interbreeding

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8
Q

In species that reproduce asexually, a population must be defined by

A

Interactions aside from interbreeding (i.e. competition for food, etc.)

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9
Q

Number of individuals in a population

A

Population Size

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10
Q

Number of individuals per unit area

A

Population Density

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11
Q

Abundances change over time and space, why/how

A

Why: Because the number of individuals in population changes over time

How: Some can migrate to other populations or because of death, birth, etc.

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12
Q

Movement of organisms from one place to another

A

Dispersal

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13
Q

Significance of Dispersal

A
  • Connects different populations
  • Maintains interactions and biodiversity
  • Spatial extent of populations vary significantly
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14
Q

Influences the distribution, interaction, and diversity of animal populations.

Essential for spread and survival of plant species

A

Movement

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15
Q

Results from both abiotic environmental factors and human activities

A

Patchy Population

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16
Q
  • The product of a single fertilization event
  • A genetic individual resulting from a single fertilization event
  • In organisms that can reproduce asexually, it may consist of multiple, genetically identical parts, each of which has the potential to function independently
A

Genet

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17
Q

An actually or potentially physiologically independent member of a genet that may compete with other members for
resources.

A

Ramet

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18
Q

Groups of genetically identical individuals identified by the detachment of clonal offspring from the parent.

A

Budding

19
Q

Identification involves recognizing clonal offspring produced from unfertilized eggs or parthenogenesis.

A

Apomixis

20
Q

Groups recognized as clonal offspring are produced as the organism grows horizontally

A

Horizontal spread

21
Q

Genet and Ramet are appropriate for studying what respectively?

A

Evolutionary change and Competition among independent organisms

22
Q

The distribution and abundances of a species are limited by these three factors

A

Habitat suitability
Historical Factors
Dispersal

23
Q

Refers to the degree to which an environment provides conditions necessary for a species to thrive.

A

Habitat Suitability

24
Q

Key Abiotic factors of the environment with regards to habitat suitability

A

Climate
Soil pH
Salt concentration
Available nutrients

25
Q

Key Biotic Features of the Environment with regards to habitat suitability

A

Dependency on Other Species
Exclusion by Biotic Interactions
Biological Control Considerations

26
Q

Interactions Between Abiotic and Biotic Features

A

Temperature Limits
Geographic distribution
Competition

27
Q

An abiotic event that kills or damages some individuals in an ecosystem creating opportunities for other individuals to grow and reproduce

A

Disturbance

28
Q

T/F Earth’s Evolutionary and Geologic History significantly influences current distribution of organisms.

A

True

29
Q

Occurs when a species’ limited capacity for dispersal prevents it from reaching suitable habitats

A

Dispersal Limitation

30
Q

T/F Dispersal is not influenced by population density.

A

False, it is

31
Q

Entire geographic region over which a species is found.

Includes the areas it occupies during all of its life stages.

A

Geographic Range

32
Q

Spatial arrangement, of individuals within a population

A

Dispersion

33
Q

3 Basic Patterns of Dispersion

A
  1. Regular
  2. Random
  3. Clumped
34
Q

Dispersion where individuals are relatively evenly spaced through their habitat

A

Regular dispersion

35
Q

Dispersion individuals were positioned at locations selected at random

A

Random dispersion

36
Q

Most common distribution, Individuals of a species are unevenly distributed throughout their habitat occurring in clustered group or patches

A

Clumped Dispersion

37
Q

The most direct way to determine how many individuals live in a population

A

Count all of them

38
Q

Actual abundance

A

Absolute population size

39
Q

Number of individuals in one time interval or place relative to the number in another

A

Relative Population Size

40
Q

To estimate the population sizes of immobile organisms

Organisms are counted in a series of sample plots, or quadrats, and the resulting numbers are used to estimate the total population size.

A

Area-Based Counts

41
Q

Estimates of abundance based on various measurements of distance from a point or line.

Each individual that the observer can see from the line is counted, and its perpendicular distance from the line is recorded.

A

Distance methods

42
Q

must be used to convert such distance measurements into an estimate of the absolute population size.

A

Detection Function

43
Q

Relies on releasing marked individuals and then recapturing them at a later time to see what fraction of the population is marked.

A

Mark-Recapture studies

44
Q

A tool that predicts a species’ geographic distribution based on the environmental conditions at locations the species is known to occupy.

A

Niche model

Bio 160 LE 2 (7 decks)

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