Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

blending hypothesis

Answer 1

idea that hereditary materials mix in forming offspring

*was rejected b/c didn’t explain how traits disappear in one generation but reappear in later generations

Question 2

heredity

Answer 2

transmutation of traits from one generation to next

Question 3

genetics

Answer 3

scientific study of heredity

Question 4

character

Answer 4

a heritable feature that varies among individuals i.e.. flower color

Question 5

trait

Answer 5

each variant for a character i.e. purple or white flower

Question 6

true breeding

Answer 6

varieties result when self- fertilization produces offspring identical to parent

Question 7

hybrids

Answer 7

offspring of two different varieties

Question 8

cross

Answer 8

cross fertilization is a hybridization

Question 9

P generation

Answer 9

true-breeding parental plants

Question 10

F1 generation

Answer 10

hybrid offspring

Question 11

F2 generation

Answer 11

cross of F1 plants

Question 12

monohybrid cross

Answer 12

cross b/w two individuals differing in a single character

Question 13

alleles

Answer 13

alt versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters

Question 14

homozygous

Answer 14

genotype has identical alleles i.e. blue eyes bb

Question 15

heterozygous

Answer 15

genotype has two different alleles

Question 16

dominant

Answer 16

of alleles of a pair differ, determines organisms appearance

Question 17

recessive

Answer 17

has no noticeable effect on organism appearance

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

appearance of a trait

Question 19

genotype

Answer 19

genetic makeup of a trait *can’t see it

Question 20

law of segregation

Answer 20

sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during production of gametes

Question 21

punnett square

Answer 21

shows four possible combinations of alleles that can occur when gametes combine

Question 22

locus

Answer 22

specific location of a gene along a chromosome

Question 23

dihybrid cross

Answer 23

mating of paternal varieties that differ in two characters

Question 24

law of independent assortment

Answer 24

dihybrid cross is equivalent to two monohybrid crosses *Mendel

Question 25

testcross

Answer 25

mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual