Biology ch 10

Question 1

molecular biology

Answer 1

study of heredity at molecular level

Question 2

polynucleotide

Answer 2

a nucleotide polymer

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugars, phosphate group

Question 4

sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 4

how nucleotides are joined together

Question 5

double helix

Answer 5

structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids

Question 6

semiconservative model

Answer 6

DNA replicates- produces two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

joins small fragments into a continuous chain (holds together)

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

adds nucleotides to a growing chain and proofreads and corrects improper base pairings (breaks down)

Question 9

transcription

Answer 9

synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA

Question 10

translation

Answer 10

synthesis of proteins under the direction of RNA

Question 11

triplet code

Answer 11

genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain

Question 12

codon

Answer 12

series of no overlapping three base “words”

Question 13

genetic code

Answer 13

redundant, unambiguous, nearly universal, without punctuation

Question 14

RNA polymerase

Answer 14

an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA

Question 15

promoter

Answer 15

nucleotide signal sequence for start transcribing

Question 16

terminator

Answer 16

signals end of a gene

Question 17

RNA splicing

Answer 17

removes introns and joins exons to produce a continuous coding sequence

Question 18

transfer RNA

Answer 18

molecules function as a language interpreter

Question 19

start codon

Answer 19

first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

Question 20

codon recognition

Answer 20

anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule carrying it’s amino acid pairs with the mRNA codon in the A site of ribosome

Question 21

peptide bond formation

Answer 21

amino acid joins the chain

Question 22

translocation

Answer 22

tRNA is released from P site and ribosome moves tRNA to A site into P site

Question 23

stop codon

Answer 23

signals a termination of translation

Question 24

mutation

Answer 24

any change in cul rooted sequence of DNA

Question 25

silent mutation

Answer 25

no effect at all

Question 26

missense mutation

Answer 26

produces a different amino acid

Question 27

nonsense mutation

Answer 27

change amino acid into a stop codon

Question 28

mutagenesis

Answer 28

production of mutations

Question 29

emerging viruses

Answer 29

appeare suddenly or are new to medical scientists

Question 30

reverse transcriptase

Answer 30

cause reverse transcription

Question 31

prions

Answer 31

infectious proteins that Cause degenerative brain diseases in animals

Question 32

viroids

Answer 32

RNA molecules that infect plants