Chapter 9- Ordinary Construction Flashcards
The chief common characteristic of __ construction is that the exterior walls are made of masonry.
Ordinary
In the typical downtown business or commercial building, the side walls are the __ walls, whereas the front and back walls are __.
Bearing
Nonbearing
The simple wood beam floor is satisfactory for buildings up to a practical limit of about __ feet in width.
25
In recent years, high rise brick or concrete block buildings with no wall thicker than __ inches, and medium rise brick buildings with no wall thicker than __ inches, have been developed, supplanting the traditional practice of ever increasing wall thickness.
12
8
The problems presented to the fire department by ordinary construction can be divided into the following areas:
- The structural stability of the masonry wall.
- The stability of the interior column, girder, and beam system.
- Void spaces.
- The masonry wall as a barrier to fire extension.
__ and __ are the two ways to carry the wall above an opening. Such a beam is called a lintel. The lintel commonly used today is a steel __ or channel section.
Arches
Beams
L
There, are, however, certain general indicators of probable collapse, some of which can be observed beforehand and noted in a prefire plan. Other indicators may be observed during a fire. Collapse may be due to a variety of causes:
- Inherent structural instability, aggravated by fire.
- Failure of a non masonry supporting element upon which some portion of the masonry depends.
- Increase in the live load due to firefighting operations, specifically retained water.
- Collapse of a floor or roof with consequent impact load to the masonry wall.
- Impact load of an explosion.
- Collapse of a masonry unit due to overheating.
- Collapse of another building onto the building in question.
__ walls are not designed to resist lateral impact loads.
Masonry
A __ is a passageway, usually vertical, cut into a masonry wall for a pipe or conduit.
Chase
Important void spaces in any multistory, wood joisted building are the __ spaces. Containing many square feet of exposed fuel, these spaces are protected from hose streams by their __ and the __ below.
Joist
Construction
Ceiling
Masonry buildings with spans greater than __ feet must have interior bearing walls.
25
New decorative __ are made of coated plastic polystyrene and are backed with plywood.
Cornices
More fire fighters have been killed in fires in __ construction than in any other type of construction.
Ordinary
Large, roughly molded, sun dried clay units of varying sizes.
Adobe
Stone cut in rectangular units.
Ashlar masonry
Hollow wall in which wythes are tied together with steel ties or masonry trusses.
Cavity wall
Concrete placed over the first floor wood floors for fire resistance or to provide sanitary floors.
Concrete topping
The masonry cap on top of a wall.
Coping
A projecting decorative (ledge) at the top of a masonry wall.
Cornice
A horizontal line of masonry.
Course
Older code provision that would not allow a structure to be built without the use of exterior masonry walls that would limit fire extension.
Fire limit
Connects the girders and imparts some lateral stability under normal conditions; resembles a big staple
Dog iron
Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance, usually serves no structural function.
Fireproof
Masonry pier at a distance from the wall and connected to it that resists the outward thrust of the roof.
Flying buttress
Two connected wythes of masonry with an air space in between.
Hollow masonry wall
Small court commonly placed in large buildings to admit daylight into interior areas not exposed to an open view.
Light well
A low ceilinged story located between two main stories; usually constructed directly above the ground floor, often projecting over it as a balcony.
Mezzanine
Buildings in which the exterior walls are noncombustible or limited combustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of combustible materials.
Ordinary construction
Application of mortar to the back of the facing material or the face of the backing material.
Parging
Square metal device used to transfer loads of columns on upper floors by passing the loads through intervening beams and girders to metal column caps on the column below.
Pintle
Bricks laid so that the long side is visible.
Stretcher course
Modern one story retail occupancy building that typically has a lightweight wood truss roof and concrete block walls (Type 3 construction) or steel bar joists and a metal deck roof with a masonry wall (Type 2 construction).
Stip mall
Multistory working class apartment buildings constructed in the 1800s and early 1900s, often substandard in terms of fire safety and health.
Tenement
Made of clay and fine sand and fired in a kiln.
Terra cotta tile
