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Network + Exam N10-008 > Chapter 9: Network Naming > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Network Naming Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Name Resolution

A

A process that automatically converts computer names to logical addresses (IP address) or physical addresses (MAC addresses)

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2
Q

Define: Domain Name System (DNS)

A

A name resolution protocol used on all TCP/IP networks that resolves domain names to IP addresses.

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3
Q

Define: Server Message Block (SMB)

A

A Layer 7 protocol that supports sharing folders and files.

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4
Q

SMB
Port #

A

TCP port: 445

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5
Q

What are the two halves of DNS?

A

Resolvers and name servers (DNS servers)

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6
Q

What do DNS resolvers do?

A

Query name servers with a name to get its associated IP address.

This is called a recursive lookup.

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7
Q

What do DNS name servers do?

A

They hold the actual name and IP DNS records in a database called a zone.

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8
Q

How are the DNS name servers arranged?

A

In a hierarchical, interlinked fashion, with DNS root servers dispersed around the world.

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9
Q

What do DNS root servers do?

A

They delegate name resolution to more-specific DNS systems.

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10
Q

What do Top-Level Domain (TLD) servers do?

A

They handle the top-level domain (TLD) names, such as .com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil, .int, and delegate to domain-specific name servers (authoritative name servers).

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11
Q

What do domain specific name servers (authoritative name servers) do?

A

They hold the domain’s zone that stores the actual IP addresses a computer needs to communicate with a domain’s servers.

These are the domain names such as google in www.google.com.

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12
Q

What is a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)?

A

A complete DNS name, including the host name and all its domains in order.

It is written left to right with the host name first, then the domains in order moving up the DNS tree, to the root on the far right.

ex. www.google.com. (Internet FQDN)
ex. george-wks.sales.dallas. (Network FQDN)

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13
Q

What is a name server?

A

A name server is software that responds to queries about DNS zones.

A single name server can be authoritative for one or more domains.

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14
Q

What is a DNS zone?

A

A zone is a container for a single domain that gets filled with records.

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15
Q

What is a DNS record?

A

A record attaches a piece of data to a name in the DNS tree. There are different types of records used.

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16
Q

What is a zone transfer?

A

In a network with a primary name server and one or more secondary name servers, a zone transfer is a process that propagates new records to the other name servers in the network.

17
Q

What do name servers need to know about the other name servers within a network?

A

The name and IP address of the primary name server, as well as the name and address of every secondary name server.

18
Q

What name server in a network with multiple name servers, is the authoritative name server for that network?

A

The primary name server.

19
Q

What is the serial field in a DNS name server?

A

A special value that gets advanced when new data is added to a name server.

Secondary name servers check to see if their serial field matches the primary name server’s serial field to know if they need to request a zone transfer for updated data.

20
Q

What is a forward lookup zone for DNS?

A

It enables a system to determine an IP address by knowing the FQDN.

21
Q

What is a reverse lookup zone for DNS?

A

It enables a system to determine an FQDN by knowing the IP address.

A few low-level functions (like mail) and some security programs depend on reverse lookup zones.

22
Q

In a Windows command prompt, what do you type to see a host’s DNS cache?

A

ipconfig /displaydns

23
Q

What is a DNS recursive lookup?

A

A request from a client to it’s DNS server for the IP address attached to a FQDN.

24
Q

What is a DNS iterative lookup?

A

The whole process of a client’s DNS server asking each name server from the root down.

25
Q

Define: Internal DNS Server

A

A name server that hosts zones for a private network. It is used for internal queries from internal clients and caching.

26
Q

Define: External DNS Server

A

A name server that hosts zones for Internet sites and is located outside an internal network.

27
Q

Define: DNS record type - SOA (Start Of Authority)

A

Every zone requires an SOA record that defines the primary name server in charge of the zone.

28
Q

Define: DNS record type - NS (Name Server)

A

An NS record points to the server that holds the records (zone) for a part of the DNS tree.

NS records enable the name servers to know where to point the resolvers to find the authoritative name servers for a specific domain below them in the DNS hierarchy.

29
Q

Define: DNS record type - A (Address)

A

An A record holds the IPv4 address for a host.

30
Q

Define: DNS record type - AAAA (Quad A)

A

An AAAA record holds the IPv6 address for a host.

The four A letters signify that IPv6 addresses are four times longer than IPv4 addresses (128 bits vs. 32 bits).

31
Q

Define: DNS record type - CNAME (Canonical Name)

A

A CNAME record holds the FQDN for an alias that is used.

32
Q

Define: DNS record type - PTR (Pointer)

A

A PTR record reverses the functions of A or AAAA records, and are found only in reverse lookup zones. They use an IP address for their names and hold the FQDN of a host at that address.

33
Q

Define: DNS record type - MX (Mail Exchange)

A

MX records hold the FQDN of the server that handles mail for the domain.

SMTP servers use MX records exclusively to determine where to send mail.

34
Q

Define: DNS record type - SRV (Service)

A

A SRV record is a generic DNS record that supports any type of server by specifying the location of services.

35
Q

Define: DNS record type - TXT (Text)

A

A TXT record is a freeform type of record that can be used for anything.

One use is to enable domains to verify that e-mail being received by a third-party e-mail server is sent by a legitimate server within the domain to help secure against e-mail spoofing.

36
Q

What does the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) protocol do?

A

It enables DNS servers to get automatic updates of the IP addresses for the computers in their forward lookup zones by communications with the local DHCP server.

37
Q

What is the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) protocol and what does it do?

A

It is an authorization and integrity protocol that prevents the impersonation of legitimate DNS servers.

38
Q

What do you type in a Windows command prompt to flush the local system’s DNS cache?

A

ipconfig /flushdns

39
Q

What do you type in a Windows command prompt to enable DNS server queries?

A

nslookup [IP address or FQDN] [optional DNS server IP address]

Network + Exam N10-008 (20 decks)

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