Chapter 9 Muscles Characteristics; Compare and Contrast

Question 0

Muscle tissue transforms ____ energy to directed ____ energy which exerts ___.

Answer 0

Chemical, mechanical, force

Question 1

What makes up nearly half of the body’s mass?

Answer 1

Muscle tissue

Question 2

What is the chemical energy of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 4

What are prefixes for the word “muscle”

Answer 4

Myo, Mys, and Sarco

Question 5

What type of muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called muscle fibers, is striated, is voluntary, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscles

Question 6

Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called __ __, is __, moves __, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?

Answer 6

muscle fibers, striated, voluntary/voluntarily

Question 7

What kind of muscle tissue is found only in the heart; bulk of heart walls, is striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?

Answer 7

Cardiac muscle

Question 8

Cardiac muscle is muscle tissue is found only in the heart; __ __ __ __, is __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?

Answer 8

bulk of heart walls, striated, involuntary

Question 9

What type of muscle tissue is found in walls of hollow organs e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?

Answer 9

Smooth muscle

Question 10

Smooth muscle is muscle tissue found in walls of __ __ e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?

Answer 10

hollow organs, striated, involuntary

Question 11

Cell shape of ___ muscle is single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate, with obvious striations

Answer 11

skeletal

Question 12

Cell shape of ___ muscle has branching chains of cells; uni- or bi- nucleate; has striations

Answer 12

cardiac

Question 13

Cell shape of smooth muscle is single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations

Answer 13

Smooth

Question 14

What are the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Question 15

What are the connective tissue components of cardiac muscle?

Answer 15

Endomysium attached to fibrous skeleton of heart

Question 16

What is the connective tissue component of smooth muscle?

Answer 16

Endomysium

Question 17

Does skeletal muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Does cardiac muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

Answer 18

Yes but myofibrils are of irregular thickness

Question 19

Does smooth muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

Answer 19

No but actin and myosin filaments are present throughout; dense bodies anchor actin filaments

Question 20

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in skeletal muscle?

Answer 20

Yes; two in each sarcomere at A-I junctions

Question 21

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in cardiac muscle?

Answer 21

Yes; one in each sarcomere at Z disc; larger diameter than skeletal muscle

Question 22

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in smooth muscle?

Answer 22

No; only caveolae

Question 23

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?

Answer 24

Less than skeletal muscle; scant terminal cisterns

Question 25

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle?

Answer 25

Equivalent to cardiac muscle (1-8% of cell volume); some SR contacts the sarcolemma

Question 26

Presence of gap junctions in skeletal muscle?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Presence of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Answer 27

Yes; at intercalated discs

Question 28

Presence of gap junctions in smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Yes; and unitary muscle

Question 29

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in cardiac muscle?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in smooth muscle?

Answer 31

Not in unitary muscle; yes in multiunit muscle

Question 32

Regulation of contraction in skeletal muscle?

Answer 32

Voluntary via axon terminals of the somatic nervous system

Question 33

Regulation of contraction in cardiac muscle?

Answer 33

Involuntary; intrinsic system regulation; also autonomic nervous system controls; hormones; stretch

Question 34

Regulation of contraction in smooth muscle?

Answer 34

Involuntary; autonomic nerves, hormones, local chemicals; stretch

Question 35

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in skeletal muscle

Answer 35

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in cardiac muscle

Answer 36

SR and from extracellular fluid

Question 37

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in smooth muscle

Answer 37

SR and from extracellular fluid

Question 38

Site of calcium regulation in skeletal muscle

Answer 38

Troponin on actin-containing thin filaments

Question 39

Site of calcium regulation in cardiac muscle

Answer 39

Same as muscle

Question 40

Site of calcium regulation in smooth muscle

Answer 40

Calmodulin in the cytosol

Question 41

Presence of pacemakers and skeletal muscle

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Presence of pacemakers in cardiac muscle

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Presence of pacemakers in smooth muscle

Answer 43

Yes (and unitary muscle only)

Question 44

Effective nervous system stimulation in skeletal muscle

Answer 44

Excitation

Question 45

Effective nervous system stimulation in cardiac muscle

Answer 45

Excitation or inhibition

Question 46

Effective nervous system stimulation in smooth muscle

Answer 46

Excitation or inhibition

Question 47

Speed of contraction in skeletal muscle

Answer 47

Slow to fast

Question 48

Speed of contraction in cardiac muscle

Answer 48

Slow

Question 49

Speed of contraction in smooth muscle

Answer 49

Very slow

Question 50

Rhythmic contraction in skeletal muscle

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Rhythmic contraction in cardiac muscle

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Rhythmic contraction in smooth muscle

Answer 52

Yes in unitary muscle

Question 53

Response to stretch in skeletal muscle

Answer 53

Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch (to a point)

Question 54

Response to stretch in cardiac muscle

Answer 54

Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch

Question 55

Response to stretch in smooth muscle

Answer 55

Stress-relaxation response

Question 56

Respiration in skeletal muscle

Answer 56

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 57

Respiration in cardiac muscle

Answer 57

Aerobic

Question 58

Respiration in smooth muscle

Answer 58

Mainly aerobic