Chapter 9 Muscles Characteristics; Compare and Contrast Flashcards
Muscle tissue transforms ____ energy to directed ____ energy which exerts ___.
Chemical, mechanical, force
What makes up nearly half of the body’s mass?
Muscle tissue
What is the chemical energy of muscle tissue?
ATP
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What are prefixes for the word “muscle”
Myo, Mys, and Sarco
What type of muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called muscle fibers, is striated, is voluntary, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?
Skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called __ __, is __, moves __, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?
muscle fibers, striated, voluntary/voluntarily
What kind of muscle tissue is found only in the heart; bulk of heart walls, is striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is muscle tissue is found only in the heart; __ __ __ __, is __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?
bulk of heart walls, striated, involuntary
What type of muscle tissue is found in walls of hollow organs e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is muscle tissue found in walls of __ __ e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?
hollow organs, striated, involuntary
Cell shape of ___ muscle is single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate, with obvious striations
skeletal
Cell shape of ___ muscle has branching chains of cells; uni- or bi- nucleate; has striations
cardiac
Cell shape of smooth muscle is single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations
Smooth
What are the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle?
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
What are the connective tissue components of cardiac muscle?
Endomysium attached to fibrous skeleton of heart
What is the connective tissue component of smooth muscle?
Endomysium
Does skeletal muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?
Yes
Does cardiac muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?
Yes but myofibrils are of irregular thickness
Does smooth muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?
No but actin and myosin filaments are present throughout; dense bodies anchor actin filaments
Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in skeletal muscle?
Yes; two in each sarcomere at A-I junctions
Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in cardiac muscle?
Yes; one in each sarcomere at Z disc; larger diameter than skeletal muscle
Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in smooth muscle?
No; only caveolae
Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?
Yes
Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?
Less than skeletal muscle; scant terminal cisterns
Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle?
Equivalent to cardiac muscle (1-8% of cell volume); some SR contacts the sarcolemma
Presence of gap junctions in skeletal muscle?
No
Presence of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?
Yes; at intercalated discs
Presence of gap junctions in smooth muscle?
Yes; and unitary muscle
Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle?
Yes
Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in cardiac muscle?
No
Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in smooth muscle?
Not in unitary muscle; yes in multiunit muscle
Regulation of contraction in skeletal muscle?
Voluntary via axon terminals of the somatic nervous system
Regulation of contraction in cardiac muscle?
Involuntary; intrinsic system regulation; also autonomic nervous system controls; hormones; stretch
Regulation of contraction in smooth muscle?
Involuntary; autonomic nerves, hormones, local chemicals; stretch
Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in skeletal muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in cardiac muscle
SR and from extracellular fluid
Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in smooth muscle
SR and from extracellular fluid
Site of calcium regulation in skeletal muscle
Troponin on actin-containing thin filaments
Site of calcium regulation in cardiac muscle
Same as muscle
Site of calcium regulation in smooth muscle
Calmodulin in the cytosol
Presence of pacemakers and skeletal muscle
No
Presence of pacemakers in cardiac muscle
Yes
Presence of pacemakers in smooth muscle
Yes (and unitary muscle only)
Effective nervous system stimulation in skeletal muscle
Excitation
Effective nervous system stimulation in cardiac muscle
Excitation or inhibition
Effective nervous system stimulation in smooth muscle
Excitation or inhibition
Speed of contraction in skeletal muscle
Slow to fast
Speed of contraction in cardiac muscle
Slow
Speed of contraction in smooth muscle
Very slow
Rhythmic contraction in skeletal muscle
No
Rhythmic contraction in cardiac muscle
Yes
Rhythmic contraction in smooth muscle
Yes in unitary muscle
Response to stretch in skeletal muscle
Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch (to a point)
Response to stretch in cardiac muscle
Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch
Response to stretch in smooth muscle
Stress-relaxation response
Respiration in skeletal muscle
Aerobic and anaerobic
Respiration in cardiac muscle
Aerobic
Respiration in smooth muscle
Mainly aerobic
