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A&P Lecture Unit 3 > Chapter 9 Muscles Characteristics; Compare and Contrast > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Muscles Characteristics; Compare and Contrast Flashcards

0
Q

Muscle tissue transforms ____ energy to directed ____ energy which exerts ___.

A

Chemical, mechanical, force

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1
Q

What makes up nearly half of the body’s mass?

A

Muscle tissue

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2
Q

What is the chemical energy of muscle tissue?

A

ATP

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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4
Q

What are prefixes for the word “muscle”

A

Myo, Mys, and Sarco

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5
Q

What type of muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called muscle fibers, is striated, is voluntary, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?

A

Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bone and skin, has elongated cells called __ __, is __, moves __, contracts rapidly, tires easily, is powerful, and requires nervous system stimulation?

A

muscle fibers, striated, voluntary/voluntarily

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7
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is found only in the heart; bulk of heart walls, is striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?

A

Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle is muscle tissue is found only in the heart; __ __ __ __, is __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?

A

bulk of heart walls, striated, involuntary

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9
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found in walls of hollow organs e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not striated, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is involuntary?

A

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Smooth muscle is muscle tissue found in walls of __ __ e.g. stomach urinary bladder and airways, is not __, can contract without nervous system stimulation, is __?

A

hollow organs, striated, involuntary

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11
Q

Cell shape of ___ muscle is single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate, with obvious striations

A

skeletal

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12
Q

Cell shape of ___ muscle has branching chains of cells; uni- or bi- nucleate; has striations

A

cardiac

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13
Q

Cell shape of smooth muscle is single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations

A

Smooth

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14
Q

What are the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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15
Q

What are the connective tissue components of cardiac muscle?

A

Endomysium attached to fibrous skeleton of heart

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16
Q

What is the connective tissue component of smooth muscle?

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

Does skeletal muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Does cardiac muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

A

Yes but myofibrils are of irregular thickness

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19
Q

Does smooth muscle have presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres?

A

No but actin and myosin filaments are present throughout; dense bodies anchor actin filaments

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20
Q

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in skeletal muscle?

A

Yes; two in each sarcomere at A-I junctions

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21
Q

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in cardiac muscle?

A

Yes; one in each sarcomere at Z disc; larger diameter than skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Presence of T tubules and site of invagination in smooth muscle?

A

No; only caveolae

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23
Q

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

A

Yes

24
Q

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?

A

Less than skeletal muscle; scant terminal cisterns

25
Q

Elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle?

A

Equivalent to cardiac muscle (1-8% of cell volume); some SR contacts the sarcolemma

26
Q

Presence of gap junctions in skeletal muscle?

A

No

27
Q

Presence of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

A

Yes; at intercalated discs

28
Q

Presence of gap junctions in smooth muscle?

A

Yes; and unitary muscle

29
Q

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle?

A

Yes

30
Q

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in cardiac muscle?

A

No

31
Q

Cells exhibit individual neuromuscular junctions in smooth muscle?

A

Not in unitary muscle; yes in multiunit muscle

32
Q

Regulation of contraction in skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary via axon terminals of the somatic nervous system

33
Q

Regulation of contraction in cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary; intrinsic system regulation; also autonomic nervous system controls; hormones; stretch

34
Q

Regulation of contraction in smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary; autonomic nerves, hormones, local chemicals; stretch

35
Q

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in skeletal muscle

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in cardiac muscle

A

SR and from extracellular fluid

37
Q

Source of CA 2+4 calcium pulse in smooth muscle

A

SR and from extracellular fluid

38
Q

Site of calcium regulation in skeletal muscle

A

Troponin on actin-containing thin filaments

39
Q

Site of calcium regulation in cardiac muscle

A

Same as muscle

40
Q

Site of calcium regulation in smooth muscle

A

Calmodulin in the cytosol

41
Q

Presence of pacemakers and skeletal muscle

A

No

42
Q

Presence of pacemakers in cardiac muscle

A

Yes

43
Q

Presence of pacemakers in smooth muscle

A

Yes (and unitary muscle only)

44
Q

Effective nervous system stimulation in skeletal muscle

A

Excitation

45
Q

Effective nervous system stimulation in cardiac muscle

A

Excitation or inhibition

46
Q

Effective nervous system stimulation in smooth muscle

A

Excitation or inhibition

47
Q

Speed of contraction in skeletal muscle

A

Slow to fast

48
Q

Speed of contraction in cardiac muscle

A

Slow

49
Q

Speed of contraction in smooth muscle

A

Very slow

50
Q

Rhythmic contraction in skeletal muscle

A

No

51
Q

Rhythmic contraction in cardiac muscle

A

Yes

52
Q

Rhythmic contraction in smooth muscle

A

Yes in unitary muscle

53
Q

Response to stretch in skeletal muscle

A

Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch (to a point)

54
Q

Response to stretch in cardiac muscle

A

Contractile strength increases with degree of stretch

55
Q

Response to stretch in smooth muscle

A

Stress-relaxation response

56
Q

Respiration in skeletal muscle

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

57
Q

Respiration in cardiac muscle

A

Aerobic

58
Q

Respiration in smooth muscle

A

Mainly aerobic

A&P Lecture Unit 3 (5 decks)

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