Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Translations for muscle tissue specifically!

A

‘Mys’ or ‘myo’ or ‘sarco’ are for muscle tissue.
Cytoplasm is sarcoplasm
The plasma membrane is sarcolemma

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2
Q

Basic concepts for skeletal muscles?

A

Skeletal, striated, and voluntary. They are the longest.

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3
Q

Basic concepts for cardiac muscle?

A

Only found in heart. Remember cardiac, striated, involuntary.

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4
Q

Basic concepts for smooth muscle?

A

Found in walls of hollow visceral organs such as stomach, bladder and respiratory passages. No striations.

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5
Q

What are characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability - or responsiveness, ability to receive and respond to stimulus by changing membrane potential.
Contractility - can shorten forcibly
Extensibility - can extend or stretch even beyond resting length
Elasticity - ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching.

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6
Q

What are the connective tissue sheets that cover muscle?

A

From the superficial to deep we have…
Epiymysium - dense irregular tissue surrounds the whole muscle
Perimysium - muscle fibers are grouped into fascicles and they are surrounded by this layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
Endomysium - each muscle fiber is surrounded by the loose areolar tissue of the endomysium. Just deep to this is the sarcolemma.

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7
Q

What are the two attachments points of muscle to bone called?

A

The Insertion where the muscle attaches more distally to a point which it will draw towards the…
Origin, the, typically, more proximal and less moveable sight of muscle attachment.

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8
Q

What are two types of attachment muscle can have with bone?

A

Indirect - muscle tissue connective wrappings extend beyond the muscle as tendons or aponeurosis.
Direct - the epimysium of the muscle is fused to periosteum of the bone or perichondrium of cartilage.

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9
Q

Two components found in the sarcoplasm in large quantities are?

A

Glycosomes - stored glycogen which can yield ATP

Myoglobin - stores oxygen similar to hemaglobin

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10
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

They are a chain of sarcomeres that run the entire length of the muscle fiber.
One fiber can contain hundreds to thousands and they account for 80% of cell volume.

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11
Q

What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell?

A

A Sarcomere

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12
Q

What are thick filaments?

A

Myosin proteins anchored at M line

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13
Q

What are thin filament?

A

Actin proteins anchored at Z disc

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