Chapter 9-Motivation & Emotions Flashcards
What is motivation?
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
What is drive-reduction theory?
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need.
What are physiological needs?
A basic bodily requirement.
What is incentive?
A positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior.
What is the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active.
What is emotion?
A response of the whole organism involving bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
What is the James-Lange theory?
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness that our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
What is the Cannon-Bard theory?
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion.
What is the two-factor theory?
Schachter and Singer’s theory that to experience emotion we must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
What is drive?
An aroused, motivated state, such as hunger or thirst.
Hunger occurs in response to _ (low/high) blood glucose and _ (low/high) levels of ghrelin.
Low; High
Why can two people of the same height, age, and activity level maintain the same weight, even if one of them eats much less than the other does?
Individuals have different set points and genetically influenced metabolism levels, causing them to burn calories differently.
Social networking tends to _ (strengthen/weaken) relationships with people you already know, _ (increase/decrease) your self-disclosure, and _ (reveal/hide) your true personality.
Strengthen; increase; reveal
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, our physiological response to a stimulus (for example, a pounding heart), and the emotion we experience (for example, fear) occur _(simultaneously/sequentially). According to the James-Lange theory, they occur _(simultaneously/sequentially).
Simultaneously; Sequentially. (First the physiological response, and then the experienced emotion.)
How do the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect our emotional responses?
The sympathetic division of the ANS arouses us for more intense experiences of emotion, pumping out stress hormones to prepare our body for fight of flight. The parasympathetic division of the ANS takes over when a crisis passes, restoring our body to a calm physiological and emotional state.
