Chapter 13-Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What are delusions?
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany schizophrenia and other disorders.
What is schizophrenia?
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.
What is mania?
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
What is bipolar disorder?
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
What is major depressive disorder?
A mood disorder in which the person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a mental condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.
What are mood disorders?
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
What is a psychoactive drug?
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
What is antisocial personality disorder?
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members.
What is anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being sufficiently underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.
What is bulimia nervosa?
An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise.
What are personality disorders?
An inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning.
What are dissociative disorders?
A disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A controversial, rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdraw, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
What are anxiety disorders?
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
What is DSM-IV-TR?
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
What is panic disorder?
An anxiety disorder marked by minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry about a possible next attack.
What is a phobia?
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
What is a psychological disorder?
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal is called _ _ disorder. If a person is focusing anxiety on a specific feared objects or situations, that person may have a _. Those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread, accompanied by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with a _ disorder.
generalized anxiety; phobia; panic
Those who express anxiety through unwanted thoughts or actions may have a(n) - disorder. Those with symptoms of recurring memories and nightmares, social withdraw, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling/ and/or insomnia for weeks after a traumatic event may be diagnosed with _ _ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress
Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates are all in a class of drugs called _.
depressants
A person with schizophrenia who has _ (positive/negative) symptoms may have an expressionless face and a toneless voice.
Negative
What factors contribute to the onset and development of schizophrenia?
Biological factors include abnormalities in brain structure and function, prenatal exposure to a maternal virus, and genetic factors. However, schizophrenia is more likely to develop given a high-risk environment.
People with _ (anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa) continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight. Those with _(anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa) tend to have weight that fluctuates within or above normal ranges.
anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa
