Chapter 9 Motivating, Satisfying and Leading Employees

Question 1

Perfomance Behaviour

Answer 1

Relate to job itself
An assembly-line worker who stands next to a moving conveyor and attaches parts to a product as it passes by

Question 2

Citizenship Behaviour

Answer 2

Behaviours employees exhibit that aren’t directly tied to the job but are positive for the organization
-taking on extra tasks

Question 3

Counterproductive behaviours

Answer 3

behaviours the organization doesn’t want
-stealing, sleeping on the job

Question 4

Personalities vs attitudes

Answer 4

Personality - stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish people from one another
Attitudes - beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations and other people

Question 5

5 Fundamental traits

Answer 5

Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness

Question 6

Two key work-related attitudes

Answer 6

Job satisfaction, organizational commitment

Question 7

Classical theory of motivation

Answer 7

assumes workers primarily motivated by money

Question 8

Early behavioural Theory

Answer 8

People are more motivated to work when they are getting more attention from management

Question 9

hawthorne effect

Answer 9

a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.

Question 10

Behavioural Theory in the Mid-20th century

Answer 10

Theory X and Y
Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs model
Hersberg’s 2-factor theory
McClelland’s Acquired Needs theory

Question 11

Theory X vs Y

Answer 11

X- people dislike working and aren’t motivated
Y- self motivated and inspired to work

Question 12

Maslows hierachy of human needs

Answer 12

a pyramid of the needs that motivate people. Individuals most basic needs, at the base of the pyramid, are physiological. Once they have fulfilled these needs, people move on to their safety needs, social well-being, self-esteem then ultimately their need for self-actualization.

Question 13

Herzbergs two factor theory

Answer 13

Frederick Herzberg theorized that employee satisfaction has two dimensions: “hygiene” and motivation. Hygiene issues, such as salary and supervision, decrease employees’ dissatisfaction with the work environment. Motivators, such as recognition and achievement, make workers more productive, creative and committed.

Question 14

McClelland’s Acquired Needs theory

Answer 14

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Motivation Theory says that humans have three types of emotional needs: achievement, power and affiliation.

Question 15

Contemporary Motivation theory

Answer 15

Expectancy theory and Equity theory

Question 16

Expectancy theory

Answer 16

people working harder when they believe the added effort will help them achieve a goal and be rewarded

Question 17

Equity theory

Answer 17

a theory of motivation that suggests that employee motivation at work is driven largely by their sense of fairness.

Question 18

Strategies for Enhancing Motivation

Answer 18

1. Reinforcement
2. Goal-setting theory
3. Participative management and Empowerment
4. Team management
5. job enrichment and redesign
6. Modified work schedules (flexibility)

Question 19

Approaches to leadership

Answer 19

Trait approach, Behavioural approach, Situational approach

Question 20

trait approach

Answer 20

leaders have distinct traits that distinguish them from non-leaders

Question 21

behavioural approach

Answer 21

task-oriented vs employee-oriented
3 main leadership styles:
1. Autocratic
2. Democratic
3. Free-Rein

Question 22

Situational approach

Answer 22

idea that appropriate leadership behaviour differs from one situation to the next

Question 23

Scientific Management

Answer 23

The concept of finding the “one best way” to do a job

Question 24

Management by objectives

Answer 24

a process in which a manager and an employee agree on specific performance goals and then develop a plan to reach them