Chapter 9: Labor

Question 1

all nonmilitary people who are employed or unemployed

Answer 1

labor force

Question 2

the theory that education increases productivity and results in higher wages

Answer 2

learning effect

Question 3

the theory that the completion of college indicates to employers that a job applicant is intelligent and hard-working

Answer 3

screening effect

Question 4

a temporary or part-time job

Answer 4

contingent employment

Question 5

demand that is determined by demand for another good or service

Answer 5

derived demand

Question 6

value of output

Answer 6

productivity

Question 7

the wage rate that produces neither an excess supply of workers nor an excess demand for workers in the labor market

Answer 7

equilibrium wage

Question 8

labor that requires no special skills, education, or training

Answer 8

unskilled labor

Question 9

labor that requires minimal specialized skills and education

Answer 9

semi-skilled labor

Question 10

labor that requires specialized skills and education

Answer 10

skilled labor

Question 11

labor that requires advanced skills and education

Answer 11

professional labor

Question 12

an unofficial, invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in business dominated by white men

Answer 12

glass ceiling

Question 13

an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Answer 13

labor union

Question 14

the practice of negotiating labor contracts that keep unnecessary workers on a company’s payroll

Answer 14

featherbedding

Question 15

an organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands

Answer 15

strike

Question 16

a measure that bands mandatory union membership

Answer 16

right-to-work law

Question 17

someone who works in an industrial job, often in manufacturing, and who receives wages

Answer 17

blue-collar worker

Question 18

someone in a professional or clerical job who usually earns a salary

Answer 18

white-collar worker

Question 19

the process in which union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract

Answer 19

collective bargaining

Question 20

a settlement technique in which a neutral mediator meets with each side to try to find a solution that both sides will accept

Answer 20

mediation

Question 21

a settlement technique in which a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides

Answer 21

arbitration