Chapter 9: Joints

Question 1

Joint classifications

Answer 1

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony (when fibrous or cartilaginous joints ossify), or synovial

Question 2

synarthrosis

Answer 2

-immovable joint
-can be fibrous or cartilaginous

Question 3

amphiarthrosis

Answer 3

• slightly moveable
• fibrous or cartilaginous

Question 4

diarthrosis

Answer 4

• also called synovial

Question 5

Synarthrosis types

Answer 5

Fibrous
- suture, gomphosis

Cartilaginous
- synchondrosis

Bony
- synostosis

Question 6

Amphiarthrosis types

Answer 6

Fibrous
- syndesmosis

Cartilaginous
- symphysis

Question 7

Joint capsule

Answer 7

also called the articular capsule: surrounds the synovial joint

• contains inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous capsule

Question 8

Articular cartilage

Answer 8

• articular cartilage prevents bony surfaces at a synovial joint to come in contact with one another
• resembles hyaline cartilage
• matrix contains more water than other cartilage
• smooth surface reduces friction during movement

Question 9

Synovial fluid

Answer 9

• clear viscous solution
• contains proteoglycans with a high concentration of hyaluronan secreted by fibroblasts of the synovial membrane
• MAIN FUNCTIONS:
  1. lubrication
  2. Nutrient distribution
  3. Shock absorption

Question 10

Meniscus

Answer 10

fibrocartilage pad located between opposing bones within a synovial joint. May subdivide a synovial cavity. channel the flow of synovial fluid, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.

Question 11

Fat pads

Answer 11

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane. superficial to the joint capsule. protects articular cartilages and acts as a packing material for the joint.

Question 12

ligaments

Answer 12

• localized thickenings that support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints
• extracapsular ligaments: outside joint capsule
• intracapsular ligaments: inside joint capsule
• STRAIN: ligament stretched, some of collagen fibers torn (but ligament survives) No direct blood supply therefore heal less effectively and more slowly than bones