Chapter 9: Infection Flashcards
When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
A.) A reduced immune response found in most pathologic stress.
B.) A normal immune response to an infectious agent.
C.) An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen.
D.) Antigentic desensitization.
C.) An excessive or inappropriate response to an infectious agent
When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
A.) Autoimmune
B.) Anaphylaxis
C.) Alloimmune
D.) Allergic
C.) Alloimmune
A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?
A.) Endotoxin
B.) Exotoxin
C.) Hemolysis
D.) Septicemia
B.) Exotoxin
An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:
A.) Gram-negative bacteria
B.) Gram-positive bacteria
C.) Gram-negative fungi
D.) Gram-positive fungi
A.) Gram-negative bacteria
A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxin shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A.) Gram-positive bacteria
B.) Fungi
C.) Gram-negative bacteria
D.) Virus
C.) Gram-negative bacteria
After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:
A.) Are easily treated with penicillin
B.) Are extremely rare
C.) Never occur with other infections
D.) Are commonly opportunistic
D.) Are commonly opportunistic
Which information indicates a correct understanding of viral vaccines? Most viral vaccines contain:
A.) Active viruses
B.) Attenuated viruses
C.) Killed viruses
D.) Viral toxins
B.) Attenuated viruses
Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain:
A.) Fully active bacteria
B.) Synthetic bacteria
C.) Dead bacteria
D.) Bacterial toxins
C.) Dead bacteria
A nurse recalls bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:
A.) Proliferation
B.) Attenuation
C.) Specialization
D.) Mutation
D.) Mutation
A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?
A.) B-lymphocyte deficiency
B.) T-lymphocyte deficiency
C.) Combined immunologic deficiency
D.) Complement deficiency
B.) T-lymphocyte
A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?
A.) CD4+ T-helper
B.) CD8 T-helper
C.) CDC cells
D.) CDC10 cells
A.) CD4+ T-helper
Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?
A.) HIV only infects B cells
B.) HIV is a retrovirus
C.) Infection does not require host cell receptor
D.) After infection, cell death is immediate
B.) HIV is a retrovirus
A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?
A.) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B.) Protease inhibitors
C.) Entrance inhibitors
D.) Antiretroviral therapy
D.) Antiretroviral therapy
When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to:
A.) Spread from one individual to others and cause disease
B.) Induce an immune response
C.) Invade and multiply in the host
D.) Damage tissue
C.) Invade and multiply in the host
The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n):
A.) Negative response to an immunization
B.) Adverse response to a medication
C.) Renal failure
D.) Genetic defect
D.) Genetic defect
