Chapter 9 IDs

Question 1

Unam Sanctum

Answer 1

• Stated that political and temporal powers were subject to the power of the church
• Issued by Boniface to show Philip the Fair of France that the Church controlled him

Question 2

Treaty of Troyes

Answer 2

Disinherited the legitimate heir to the French throne

-Said Henry V was successor to French King

Question 3

Jacquerie

Answer 3

French peasant uprising due to increase of taxes during Black Death

Question 4

Black Death/Bubonic Plague of 14th Century

Answer 4

• Caused by fleas on rats brought over from trade ships that were on the Black Sea
• Caused people’s skin to turn black/ash gray
• Spread by sneezing/coughing

Question 5

Flagellants

Answer 5

People who beat and whipped themselves to cleanse themselves

-Thought it would bring divine intervention

Question 6

Statute of Laborers

Answer 6

• Law that reduced peasants wages and reduced ability for them to leave their masters’ land
• Led to peasant’s revolt in 1381

Question 7

John Wycliff

Answer 7

• Fought for power of King
• Writings were used by Lollards
• Accused of heresy
• Donatism: teaching that efficacy of church’s sacraments lied in true performance and depended on moral character of clergy

Question 8

John Huss

Answer 8

• Hussites used his writings in Bohemia
• Led religious reform movement in Prague
• Excommunicated and Prague got interdicted
• Accused of heresy and burned at the stake

Question 9

Plenitude of Power

Answer 9

• Pope Innocent III

- Made papacy secular power

Question 10

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 10

• Reference to Babylon controlling others religion

- Was about the pope being in Avignon, not Rome

Question 11

Conflict of Boniface and Philip the Fair

Answer 11

• France was taxing clergy
• Pope said no taxing without his permission
• Unam Sanctum issued by Boniface
• Boniface gets beaten up and later dies
• Eventually, power gets taken from Church and political power becomes stronger

Question 12

Heresy

Answer 12

Belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine

Question 13

Benefices

Answer 13

• Post of revenue (vicar, priest, pastor)

- Includes property and income

Question 14

Simony

Answer 14

The buying and/or selling of Church privileges

Question 15

Indulgences

Answer 15

• Pardons for unrepented sins

- Started being sold by Clement VI

Question 16

Interdict

Answer 16

Excommunication of entire kingdom because of action of leader

Question 17

Avignon Papacy

Answer 17

• Under strong French influence

- Moved to Avignon to make up for what happened between Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair

Question 18

Conciliar Movement

Answer 18

• Wanted to get a representative council in the church

- Pope is only a part of the church, there is a whole body of the faithful

Question 19

Council of Pisa

Answer 19

• Deposition of both popes
• Alexander V elected
• Three popes
• Most accepted Alexander as the true pope

Question 20

Temporal Authority

Answer 20

• Worldly; not spiritual or religious
• Secular
• Ex: the political power of a king

Question 21

Hundred Years War

Answer 21

• Between France and England
• Lasted 116 years
• Causes: England and France fought over Flanders; Edward III of England claimed French throne when Charles IV died without an heir; England controlled French land
• Effects: France gains national identity leading to centralized government. England develops own cloth industry. Peasants revolt because of taxation

Question 22

Joan of Arc

Answer 22

• Led French in victories

- Burned at stake for heresy when captured by English

Question 23

Defender of Peace

Answer 23

• Written by Marsilius of Padua

- Stressed subordination of Pope over kings