chapter 9- Heath's government

Question 1

how long had heath been leader of the opposition before becoming PM in 1970

Answer 1

5 years- longer than any leader since Churchill

Question 2

what made him different from every other previous conservative PM

Answer 2

was educated at state school

Question 3

why was heath and expert on the EEC

Answer 3

he had been chief negotiator for British entry from 1961-63

Question 4

what was heath a believer in

Answer 4

one nation toryism

post war consensus

Question 5

what change did Heath make to education

Answer 5

raised school leaving age to 16

Question 6

what happened to the sterling under heath

Answer 6

went decimal in 1971 bringing it more in line with other European currencies

Question 7

what did barber introduce as chancellor

Answer 7

cuts in public spending

tax cuts to encourage investment

Question 8

what did Barber’s policies lead to

Answer 8

the barber boom

Question 9

what was the result of the barber boom

Answer 9

soaring inflation- not met any economic growth which resulted in stagflation

Question 10

what did unemployment nearly hit in 1971

Answer 10

a million

Question 11

what was included in the policy programme come up with at selsdon park in 1970

Answer 11

tax reform

better law and order

reforms to trade unions

immigration controls

cuts to public spending

end public subsidy of lame duck industries

Question 12

what did heath do to combat stagflation

Answer 12

more state intervention

rolls Royce nationalised 1971

governement money spent on stopping Upper Clyde shipbuilders from going bankrupt

Question 13

what was the name given to the reversal of policies under heath

Answer 13

the U-turn

Question 14

what was the result of the u-turn on unemployment

Answer 14

dropped back to 500,000

Question 15

what triggered the oil crisis of 1973

Answer 15

Yom Kippur war

OPEC declared oil embargo

price of oil multiplied by 4

Question 16

what did the oil crisis lead to the miners doing

Answer 16

demanding a huge pay rise in November 1973

Question 17

how many more working days were lost due to industrial action in 1974 compared to 1973

Answer 17

8 million

Question 18

what did the government introduce to tackle industrial problems

Answer 18

industrial relations act

Question 19

what ddi the government abolish in response to industrial problems

Answer 19

national board for prices and incomes

Question 20

what did the industrial relations act introduce

Answer 20

an industrial relations court

said there had to be strike ballots and a cooling off period before strikes could begin

Question 21

when did the first miners strike start

Answer 21

9th January 1972

Question 22

when was a state of national emergency declared

Answer 22

9th February 1972

Question 23

how many working days were lost due to industrial action in 1972

Answer 23

23.9 million

Question 24

which organisations opposed the industrial relations act

Answer 24

trades union congress (TUC)

confederation of British industry (CBI)

Question 25

who went on strike in 1972

Answer 25

miners ambulance drivers firefighters civil servants hospital staff power workers engine drivers

Question 26

how did heath try to return to the policy of managing wages

Answer 26

passed industry act 1972

Question 27

what was the aims of the 1972 industry act

Answer 27

aimed to try to establish wages, prices , investments and benefits with CBI and TUC

Question 28

who criticised the industry act

Answer 28

the right side of the party such as enoch Powell

Question 29

what did the national state of emergency in feb 1972 start

Answer 29

three-day week wilberfortce comitte

Question 30

hoe ddi the 1972 miners strike end

Answer 30

NUM leader Joe Gormley negotiated wage settlement

Question 31

when was the second three day week reintroduced

Answer 31

1974

Question 32

why did the miners demand another wage increase in 1973

Answer 32

oil crisis

Question 33

what did heath do to try and negotiate with miners

Answer 33

moved willow whitelaw from the Northern Ireland office to minister of employment as he was a skilled negotiator

Question 34

what did the miners do to reinstate their wage demands in 1973

Answer 34

introduced an overtime ban

Question 35

what did the reassignment of willow whitelaw end in

Answer 35

failure- miners refused negotiations and declared nationbakl strike in January 1974

Question 36

what did Heath do in response to the miners strike

Answer 36

called a general election for the 28th February

Question 37

what were the 1974 election results

Answer 37

tories- 37.9%. 297 seats labour-37.1%. 301 seats hung parliament

Question 38

how did heath try and secure a second term

Answer 38

negotiated with liberals- this failed

Question 39

what were the main paramilitary groups in NI under heath

Answer 39

IRA- split into provisional IRA and IRA in 1970 INLA- formed out of IRA in 1974 UDA UVF

Question 40

what did heath back the UUP leader Brian Faulkner in

Answer 40

night time curfews and internment - however this just alienated nationalist communities

Question 41

what percentage of those interned between 1971 and 1975 were catholic

Answer 41

95

Question 42

what were the key events in the troubles under heath

Answer 42

march 71- provisional IRA kill three British soldiers march 71- 4000 shipyard workers march to demand internment for IRA leaders august 71- 300 people interned december 71- 15 killed in McGurk's bar by UVF Jan 72- Bloody Sunday, 13 killed by British army december 73- sunning dale agreement feb 74- M62 army coach bombing, 12 killed by IRA

Question 43

what was Bloody Sunday

Answer 43

the Northern Ireland civil rights association organised march to protest internment British soldiers tried to control march and opened fire- 26 injured, 13 killed

Question 44

what was the aftermath of Bloody Sunday

Answer 44

British embassy in Dublin burned down

Question 45

what was the bloodiest year of the troubles

Answer 45

1972 480 dead 1383 explosions 10600 shootings stormont suspended, direct rule from Westminster

Question 46

what did the sunning dale agreement include

Answer 46

a power sharing executive of both nationalists and unionists Northern Ireland assembly elected under system of proportional representation a council of Ireland would have some input from republic of Ireland

Question 47

what was the aftermath of the sunning dale agreement

Answer 47

opposed by both extreme republicans and loyalists UUP voted to pull out in January 1974 and Brian Faulkner was replaced by Harry West who opposed agreement 11 of 12 constituencies in NI pint forward a candidate who opposed the agreement

Question 48

what was the impact of the sunning dale agreement on 1974 election

Answer 48

conservatives could no longer rely on support of UUP

Question 49

how many votes did Oxford scholar R.W Johnson say the tories gained due to the 'Powell affair'

Answer 49

2.5 million

Question 50

how much of the tory vote did RW Johnson say was taken up by working-class powellites

Answer 50

50%

Question 51

how much higher were the wages of those in unions compared to those not under heath

Answer 51

5% higher

Question 52

what percentage of British oil came from the Middle East in 1970

Answer 52

70%

Question 53

how much did arab countries drop oil production by due to the Yom Kippur war

Answer 53

5%

Question 54

how many brits were members of unions by 1976

Answer 54

11.6 million

Question 55

how many union members were at the battle of saltley gate

Answer 55

30,000

Question 56

what did 1972 mark in the troubles

Answer 56

the bloodiest year on record

Question 57

how many bombings were there in the troubles in 1972

Answer 57

1382

Question 58

how many shootings were there in the troubles in 1972

Answer 58

10,000

Question 59

how many deaths were there in the troubles in 1972

Answer 59

480

Question 60

in 1974 how many strikes led to pay rises of at least 15%

Answer 60

50%

Question 61

how many strikes were there in 1974

Answer 61

2922

Question 62

how many working days were lost in 1974

Answer 62

14.75 million

Question 63

what percentage of working days lost are thought to be due to strikes in 1974

Answer 63

less than 1%

Question 64

where di britain rank worldwide in number of working days lost in 1974

Answer 64

sixth