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the end of post-war consensus 1970-79 > chapter 9- Heath's government > Flashcards

chapter 9- Heath's government Flashcards

1
Q

how long had heath been leader of the opposition before becoming PM in 1970

A

5 years- longer than any leader since Churchill

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2
Q

what made him different from every other previous conservative PM

A

was educated at state school

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3
Q

why was heath and expert on the EEC

A

he had been chief negotiator for British entry from 1961-63

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4
Q

what was heath a believer in

A

one nation toryism

post war consensus

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5
Q

what change did Heath make to education

A

raised school leaving age to 16

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6
Q

what happened to the sterling under heath

A

went decimal in 1971 bringing it more in line with other European currencies

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7
Q

what did barber introduce as chancellor

A

cuts in public spending

tax cuts to encourage investment

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8
Q

what did Barber’s policies lead to

A

the barber boom

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9
Q

what was the result of the barber boom

A

soaring inflation- not met any economic growth which resulted in stagflation

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10
Q

what did unemployment nearly hit in 1971

A

a million

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11
Q

what was included in the policy programme come up with at selsdon park in 1970

A

tax reform

better law and order

reforms to trade unions

immigration controls

cuts to public spending

end public subsidy of lame duck industries

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12
Q

what did heath do to combat stagflation

A

more state intervention

rolls Royce nationalised 1971

governement money spent on stopping Upper Clyde shipbuilders from going bankrupt

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13
Q

what was the name given to the reversal of policies under heath

A

the U-turn

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14
Q

what was the result of the u-turn on unemployment

A

dropped back to 500,000

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15
Q

what triggered the oil crisis of 1973

A

Yom Kippur war

OPEC declared oil embargo

price of oil multiplied by 4

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16
Q

what did the oil crisis lead to the miners doing

A

demanding a huge pay rise in November 1973

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17
Q

how many more working days were lost due to industrial action in 1974 compared to 1973

A

8 million

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18
Q

what did the government introduce to tackle industrial problems

A

industrial relations act

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19
Q

what ddi the government abolish in response to industrial problems

A

national board for prices and incomes

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20
Q

what did the industrial relations act introduce

A

an industrial relations court

said there had to be strike ballots and a cooling off period before strikes could begin

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21
Q

when did the first miners strike start

A

9th January 1972

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22
Q

when was a state of national emergency declared

A

9th February 1972

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23
Q

how many working days were lost due to industrial action in 1972

A

23.9 million

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24
Q

which organisations opposed the industrial relations act

A

trades union congress (TUC)

confederation of British industry (CBI)

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25
Q

who went on strike in 1972

A

miners

ambulance drivers

firefighters

civil servants

hospital staff

power workers

engine drivers

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26
Q

how did heath try to return to the policy of managing wages

A

passed industry act 1972

27
Q

what was the aims of the 1972 industry act

A

aimed to try to establish wages, prices , investments and benefits with CBI and TUC

28
Q

who criticised the industry act

A

the right side of the party such as enoch Powell

29
Q

what did the national state of emergency in feb 1972 start

A

three-day week

wilberfortce comitte

30
Q

hoe ddi the 1972 miners strike end

A

NUM leader Joe Gormley negotiated wage settlement

31
Q

when was the second three day week reintroduced

A

1974

32
Q

why did the miners demand another wage increase in 1973

A

oil crisis

33
Q

what did heath do to try and negotiate with miners

A

moved willow whitelaw from the Northern Ireland office to minister of employment as he was a skilled negotiator

34
Q

what did the miners do to reinstate their wage demands in 1973

A

introduced an overtime ban

35
Q

what did the reassignment of willow whitelaw end in

A

failure- miners refused negotiations and declared nationbakl strike in January 1974

36
Q

what did Heath do in response to the miners strike

A

called a general election for the 28th February

37
Q

what were the 1974 election results

A

tories- 37.9%. 297 seats

labour-37.1%. 301 seats

hung parliament

38
Q

how did heath try and secure a second term

A

negotiated with liberals- this failed

39
Q

what were the main paramilitary groups in NI under heath

A

IRA- split into provisional IRA and IRA in 1970

INLA- formed out of IRA in 1974

UDA

UVF

40
Q

what did heath back the UUP leader Brian Faulkner in

A

night time curfews and internment - however this just alienated nationalist communities

41
Q

what percentage of those interned between 1971 and 1975 were catholic

A

95

42
Q

what were the key events in the troubles under heath

A

march 71- provisional IRA kill three British soldiers

march 71- 4000 shipyard workers march to demand internment for IRA leaders

august 71- 300 people interned

december 71- 15 killed in McGurk’s bar by UVF

Jan 72- Bloody Sunday, 13 killed by British army

december 73- sunning dale agreement

feb 74- M62 army coach bombing, 12 killed by IRA

43
Q

what was Bloody Sunday

A

the Northern Ireland civil rights association organised march to protest internment

British soldiers tried to control march and opened fire- 26 injured, 13 killed

44
Q

what was the aftermath of Bloody Sunday

A

British embassy in Dublin burned down

45
Q

what was the bloodiest year of the troubles

A

1972

480 dead

1383 explosions

10600 shootings

stormont suspended, direct rule from Westminster

46
Q

what did the sunning dale agreement include

A

a power sharing executive of both nationalists and unionists

Northern Ireland assembly elected under system of proportional representation

a council of Ireland would have some input from republic of Ireland

47
Q

what was the aftermath of the sunning dale agreement

A

opposed by both extreme republicans and loyalists

UUP voted to pull out in January 1974 and Brian Faulkner was replaced by Harry West who opposed agreement

11 of 12 constituencies in NI pint forward a candidate who opposed the agreement

48
Q

what was the impact of the sunning dale agreement on 1974 election

A

conservatives could no longer rely on support of UUP

49
Q

how many votes did Oxford scholar R.W Johnson say the tories gained due to the ‘Powell affair’

A

2.5 million

50
Q

how much of the tory vote did RW Johnson say was taken up by working-class powellites

A

50%

51
Q

how much higher were the wages of those in unions compared to those not under heath

A

5% higher

52
Q

what percentage of British oil came from the Middle East in 1970

A

70%

53
Q

how much did arab countries drop oil production by due to the Yom Kippur war

A

5%

54
Q

how many brits were members of unions by 1976

A

11.6 million

55
Q

how many union members were at the battle of saltley gate

A

30,000

56
Q

what did 1972 mark in the troubles

A

the bloodiest year on record

57
Q

how many bombings were there in the troubles in 1972

A

1382

58
Q

how many shootings were there in the troubles in 1972

A

10,000

59
Q

how many deaths were there in the troubles in 1972

A

480

60
Q

in 1974 how many strikes led to pay rises of at least 15%

A

50%

61
Q

how many strikes were there in 1974

A

2922

62
Q

how many working days were lost in 1974

A

14.75 million

63
Q

what percentage of working days lost are thought to be due to strikes in 1974

A

less than 1%

64
Q

where di britain rank worldwide in number of working days lost in 1974

A

sixth

the end of post-war consensus 1970-79 (4 decks)

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