Chapter 9 Health Promotion And Wellness

Question 0

This nurse theorist developed an interest in health promotion early in her nursing career when she noted that health care focused more on treating patients with major illnesses then on trying to prevent health problems.

Answer 0

Nola Pender

Question 1

This model attempts to explain why healthy people do or do not take advantage of screenings. The model attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. Variables include perceptions of susceptibility to and seriousness of disease, benefits of treatment and perceived barriers to change.

Answer 1

Health belief model

Question 2

An integrative model of intentional behavioral change and decision-making process of the individual, rather than social and biological influences on behavior. This model includes six stages of change.

Answer 2

Trans-theoretical model of change. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, & termination.

Question 3

According to this theory, persons with high self-efficacy are more likely to view challenges as opportunities for mastery then as something to avoid.

Answer 3

Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory. The concept of self efficacy is the central tenant of this theory. Self efficacy is one’s perception of his or her ability to perform a task at a given level of accomplishment.

Question 4

What are the three levels of prevention?

Answer 4

Primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention.

Question 5

This level of prevention refers to an action that is taken to prevent disease or make an environment less harmful. Immunizations are one example, others include safety education regarding the use of sunscreen or information on fall prevention.

Answer 5

Primary prevention

Question 6

This level of prevention involves detecting the presence of the disease in its asymptomatic state to favorably alter the outcome. This level of prevention is synonymous with screening. for example cholesterol screening, blood pressure screening,or mammography.

Answer 6

Secondary prevention

Question 7

This level of prevention involves intervention to prevent late complications of disease. Examples include comprehensive diabetes education program or cardiac rehabilitation for someone who is post myocardial infarction.

Answer 7

Tertiary Prevention

Question 8

The national Institute of alcohol abuse and alcoholism recommends the alcohol consumption for adults age 65 and older be limited to?

Answer 8

One standard drink, example 12 ounces of beer, 4 to 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits Per day or seven standard drinks per week, and no more than three drinks on one occasion.

Question 9

Screening tool for use in the clinical setting to assess alcohol abuse problems.

Answer 9

The short Michigan alcoholism screening test - geriatric version (SMAST - G)

Question 10

Immunization recommendations for Td Booster?

Answer 10

Every 10 years. Tdap Replaces one dose in adults age 65 or older.

Question 11

Pneumococcal immunization recommendations

Answer 11

One dose for adults age 65 or older; or repeat 1 time if initial vaccine occurs at younger than age 65, also revaccinate for those with renal disease or immunosuppression.

Question 12

Hepatitis A immunization guidelines

Answer 12

Two doses for adults with chronic liver or renal disease or other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, COPD, heart disease, or immunodeficiency.

Question 13

Immunization recommendation for varicella.

Answer 13

Two doses for all adults who lack evidence of immunity.

Question 14

Immunization recommendations for zoster.

Answer 14

One dose for adults age 50-years-old regardless of history of disease.

Question 15

Colon Cancer screen should be done how often?

Answer 15

Sigmoidoscopy every five years or colonoscopy every 10 years beginning at age 50 and continuing to age 75 appropriate for anyone with a life expectancy of at least five years.

Question 16

When should breast-cancer screening begin and how often should be performed?

Answer 16

Mammography every 1 to two years for women between the ages of 50 and 74 with life expectancy of four or more years.

Question 17

How often should cervical cancer screening be performed on women.

Answer 17

Pap smear every three years for women age 21 to 65 years. Screening for cervical cancer in women older than 65 who have had adequate prior screenings and not otherwise at risk for cervical cancers not recommended..

Question 18

How often should blood pressure screening be performed?

Answer 18

Hypertension is very common among older adults, affecting 60 to 80% of the population. Recommend screening intervals vary from 1 to 2 years.

Question 19

How often should lipid screening be done?

Answer 19

The current guideline recommends testing a fasting lipid panel every five years in people age 20 or older.

Question 20

What percentage of people who fall and sustain a hip fracture die within one year of the injury?

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

The most common cause of nonfatal injury and trauma resulting in hospitalization is?

Answer 21

Falls

Question 22

What percentage of hip fractures are caused by Falls?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

Some interventions for complications of hyperthermia include?

Answer 23

500 cc bolus of normal saline to maintain urine output and systolic blood pressure over 90 MM HG. Diazepam & chlorpromazine For shivering. D5W And monitor glucose every 30 minutes for hypoglycemia. Lasix and mannitol to maintain and increase volume of urine If in renal failure.

Question 24

Complications of hypothermia and interventions.

Answer 24

For hyperkalemia administer calcium chloride IV, or sodium bicarbonate IV, D5W plus insulin, or Kayexalate enema. For hemoconcentration administered 250 to 500 mL of the D5normal saline IV bolus. Avoid lactated ringers. For myoglobinuria administer 20% mannitol, Lasix, and sodium bicarbonate.

Question 25

The most common method of suicide in men and women age 65 and older is?

Answer 25

Firearms. Those who have a handgun in the home are more than twice as likely to commit suicide as those without one.