chapter 9-genetics, conception and fetal development Flashcards
a father and mother are carriers of PKU. their 2 year old daughter had PKU. the couple tells the nurse that theya re planning on having a second baby. because their daughter has PKU, theya re sure theur next baby wont be affected. what information will the nurse use to formulate a response?
a. The odds of having another baby with PKU are very slim.
b. Each baby has a 50% chance of being affected.
c. Males are not affected by PKU.
d. The parents are both carriers so each baby has a 25% chance of being affected.
D
The nurse is providing genetic counselling for an expectant couple who already have a child with trisomy 18. What should the nurse do?
a. Tell the couple they need to terminate the pregnancy within 2 to 3 weeks.
b. Explain that the fetus has a 50% chance of having the disorder.
c. Discuss options, including amniocentesis, to determine whether the fetus is affected.
d. Refer the couple to a psychologist for emotional support.
C
The nurse is assessing the knowledge of new parents with a child born with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Which is accurate related to MSUD?
a. Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be present.
b. Only one copy of the abnormal gene is required for the disorder to be present.
c. The disorder occurs in males and heterozygous females.
d. The disorder is carried on the X chromosome.
A
During a presentation to obstetrical nurses interested in genetics, what does the genetic nurse identify as the primary factor to consider with genetic testing?
a. Anxiety and altered family relationships
b. Accessibility related to the availability of genetic testing
c. High false-positive rates associated with genetic testing
d. Ethnic and socioeconomic disparity associated with genetic testing
B
A man’s wife is pregnant for the third time. One child was born with cystic fibrosis and the other child is healthy. The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis. What is this type of testing known as?
a. Occurrence risk
b. Recurrence risk
c. Predictive testing
d. Predisposition testing
B
A couple has been counselled for genetic anomalies. They ask you, “What is karyotyping?” The nurse’s response is based on which information related to karyotyping?
a. It will provide the status of lung maturity.
b. It is a predictor of normal fetal development.
c. It identifies fetal gender and chromosomal information.
d. It can detect physical deformities.
C
In practical terms regarding genetic health care, which should the nurse be aware of?
a. Genetic disorders equally affect all socioeconomic backgrounds, races, and ethnic groups.
b. Genetic health care is more concerned with populations than individuals.
c. It is most important to provide emotional support to the family during genetic counselling.
d. Taking genetic histories is only done in large university hospital and tertiary-care centres.
C
What should nurses be aware of with regard to prenatal genetic testing?
a. Integrated prenatal screening can determine risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
b. Carrier screening tests are used to look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
c. Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
d. Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.
A
With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders, what should nurses be aware of?
a. With a dominant disorder, the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 100%.
b. An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder.
c. Disorders involving maternal ingestion of drugs carry a one in four chance of being repeated in the second child.
d. The risk factor remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family.
D
What is the term for an individual’s genetic makeup?
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype
c. Karyotype
d. Chromotype
A
What should the nurse be aware of with regard to chromosome abnormalities?
a. They occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
b. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
c. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosome structure.
d. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
B
A woman’s cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly. The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development. The nurse’s response is based on which information?
a. It is unknown when such defects occur.
b. The timing depends on the cause of the defect.
c. They occur between the third and fifth weeks of fetal development.
d. They most often occur in the first 2 weeks of pregnancy.
C
A pregnant woman at 25 weeks’ gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. The nurse’s response is based on which information?
a. Babies can’t respond to noise at 25 weeks’ gestation.
b. Abrupt noise can cause the aural reflex.
c. Babies respond to extrauterine sound beginning at about 24 weeks of gestation.
d. This is an abnormal finding and should be reported to the health care provider.
C
At approximately how many weeks of gestation does lecithin form on the alveolar surfaces, the eyelids open, and the fetus measure approximately 27 cm crown to rump, and weigh approximately 1100 g?
a. 20 weeks
b. 24 weeks
c. 26 weeks
d. 28 weeks
D
Where does meconium accumulate as the fetus nears term?
a. Fetal intestines
b. Fetal kidneys
c. Amniotic fluid
d. The placenta
A
