chapter 50-cerebral dysfunctions Flashcards
Which term is used to describe the level of consciousness when a child can be aroused with stimulation?
a. Stupor
b. Confusion
c. Obtundation
d. Disorientation
C
What term is used when a patient remains in a deep sleep, responsive only to vigorous and repeated stimulation?
a. Coma
b. Stupor
c. Obtundation
d. Persistent vegetative state
B
Which does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
a. Pupil reactivity and motor response
b. Eye-opening, verbal, and motor responses
c. Level of consciousness and verbal response
d. Intracranial pressure and level of consciousness
B
The nurse is closely monitoring a child who is unconscious after a fall and notices that he suddenly has a fixed and dilated pupil. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
a. Eye trauma
b. Neurosurgical emergency
c. Severe brainstem damage
d. Indication of brain death
B
The nurse is preparing a school-age child for a computed tomography (CT) scan to assess cerebral function. When preparing the child for the scan, which is the basis of the nurse’s response?
a. Pain medication will be administered prior to the scan.
b. CT scans do not cause pain.
c. Movement is allowed once the equipment is in place.
d. No one is able to remain in the room with the child during the test.
B
Which neurological diagnostic test gives a visualized horizontal and vertical cross section of the brain at any axis?
a. Nuclear brain scan
b. Echoencephalography
c. Computed tomography (CT) scan
d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C
What is the priority nursing intervention when a child is unconscious after a fall?
a. Establish adequate airway.
b. Perform neurological assessment.
c. Monitor intercranial pressure.
d. Determine whether a neck injury is present.
A
Which drug is used to treat a child who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from cerebral edema?
a. Mannitol
b. Epinephrine hydrochloride
c. Atropine sulphate
d. Sodium bicarbonate
A
Which of the following describes a concussion?
a. Petechial hemorrhages that cause amnesia and cognitive delay
b. Visible bruising and tearing of cerebral tissue occurs
c. An alteration in neurological or cognitive function with or without loss of consciousness
d. A slight lesion that develops remote from the site of trauma with immediate loss of consciousness
C
What type of fracture involves fragmented bone that is pushed inward and causes pressure on the brain?
a. Basilar
b. Compound
c. Open
d. Depressed
D
Which statement best describes a subdural hematoma?
a. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the skull.
b. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the arachnoid membrane.
c. Bleeding is generally arterial, and brain compression occurs rapidly.
d. The hematoma commonly occurs in the parietotemporal region.
B
When providing discharge teaching to the mother of a child with a slight head injury, which symptom should the nurse tell the parent to seek medical attention for immediately?
a. Sleepiness
b. Vomiting, even once
c. Headache, even if slight
d. Confusion or abnormal behaviour
D
An adolescent boy is brought to the emergency department after a motorcycle accident. His respirations are deep, periodic, and gasping. There are extreme fluctuations in his blood pressure. Pupils are dilated and fixed. What type of head injury should the nurse suspect?
a. Brainstem injury
b. Skull fracture
c. Subdural hemorrhage
d. Epidural hemorrhage
A
A toddler fell out of a second-story window. She briefly lost consciousness and vomited four times. Since admission, she has been alert and oriented. Her mother asks why a computed tomography (CT) scan is required when she “seems fine.” What knowledge should the nurse base her response on?
a. She may have a brain injury.
b. She needs this because of her age.
c. She may start having seizures.
d. She probably has a skull fracture.
A
The nurse is assessing a child who was just admitted to the hospital for observation after a head injury. What is the most essential part of the nursing assessment to detect early signs of a worsening condition?
a. Posturing
b. Vital signs
c. Focal neurological signs
d. Level of consciousness
D