Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Units 1/2 > Chapter 9: Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA:

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chromosome:

A
  • A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chromatin:

A

A complex of proteins and DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Centromere:

A

The waist like constriction in a chromosome required for the movement of chromosomes during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Karyotype:

A

A display of the number and appearance of the chromosomes on an organism or cell observed at metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gene:

A

A unit of heredity that transmits information from one generation to the next, a segment of dna that codes for a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Genetics:

A

The study of the mechanisms and patterns of inheritance through the transmission of coded chemical instructions from one generation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allele

A

One of different versions of the same gene (at the same locus) determined by small differences in the DNA sequence of the gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Geneome

A

All the genetic material contained in an organism, or a cell, includes the chromosomes within the nucleus and the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heredity

A

The study of inheritance the genetics transmission of characteristics from one generation to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatic Cells

A

A normal body cell, as compared with a germ-line cell from which a gamete (ie. sperm or ovum) is derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes that have the same size,shape and genes at the same locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Independent assortment

A

When alleles of gene pairs redistribute independently into different combinations in gametes during meiosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autosome

A

A chromosome that is the same in both males and females of a species, autosomes do not include sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hetero-some

A

Non-identical chromosomes that pair up at meiosis (eg the X and Y chromosomes in human males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Locus

A

The position of a gene occupies in a chromosome

17
Q

Sex linked

A

Refers to the inheritance pattern shown by a gene located on a sex chromosome

18
Q

Mitchocondrial DNA

A

DNA contained in mitochondria (small circular chromosome)

19
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

The pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of an individual

20
Q

DNA sequence

A

The order if nucleotide bases within a DNA molecule

21
Q

Complementary bases

A

The nucleotide bases that pair on the opposite strands of DNA: A pairs with T and C pairs with G

22
Q

Nucleotides

A

The basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), which are linked together by phosphodiester bonds; each nucleotide is made up of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

23
Q

Nucleotide base pairs

A

Two complementary nucleotide bases that are joined together by hydrogen bonding in a DNA double strand

24
Q

Double helix

A

The spiral shape of a DNA molecule

25
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A structural component of nucleotides, DNA has adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T), in RNA thymine is replaced with uracil (U).

26
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A weak molecular chemical bond

27
Q

Polyploidy

A

When a cell or organism has a genome compromising three or more copies of each chromosomes, represented by 3n, 4n, 5n, 6n etc. (more than two paired homologous pairs)

28
Q

Monoploidy

A

An individual that contains one half the normal number of chromosomes is a monoploid and exhibits monoploidy. Monoploids are very rare in nature because recessive lethal mutations become unmasked, and thus they die before they are detected.

29
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

30
Q

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

A

The condition in which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome number 21.

31
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY syndrome)

A

A genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome

Biology Units 1/2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions